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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Ecological aspects of life safety. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life The large-scale race of all types of weapons over several decades of the 1th century, the testing of nuclear weapons in different parts of the Earth and on the territory of the former USSR led to an extreme aggravation of the environmental situation in general and endangered the life of mankind in the current decade of the 3st century. and in the near future. Russia is one of the most environmentally unfavorable countries in the world. The natural ecosystems of our country are already significantly oppressed, and only the vastness of the territory, 1993/36 of which is not yet affected by economic activity, saves our nature from complete degradation. Damage from environmental disasters directly and indirectly affects the life and health of the population; According to the State Duma Committee on Ecology in XNUMX, the damage from environmental disasters amounted to about XNUMX% of GDP. The environmental situation in Russia continues to deteriorate despite large-scale conversion with a significant reduction in the production of many types of weapons (tanks, guns, warships, aircraft, helicopters, missiles of all kinds, etc.). The deterioration of the environmental situation in Russia, despite the general decline in industrial production (except for military equipment, the production of peaceful products fell sharply in the 90s of the XX century - tractors, aircraft, combines, trolleybuses, locomotives, wagons for railway transport, etc. .), due to the significant deterioration of existing equipment and treatment systems at metallurgical plants, factories, chemical plants. As a result of frequent emergencies at Russian enterprises, the so-called burst emissions of harmful substances that are hazardous to the life of the population living not only in the area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe "emergency workers" enterprises, but also in many hundreds of square kilometers around, occur. According to environmental experts, up to 15% of the territory of Russia with a population of more than 30 million people currently belongs to territories with especially unfavorable environmental conditions; 75% of surface waters have lost their drinking value, about 30% of exploitable groundwaters are dangerously polluted; 250 thousand hectares of land in different regions of Russia are occupied by the storage of 5 billion tons of waste accumulated during the production of various types of products; significant territories were taken out of economic circulation by radioactive contamination (for example, the Chelyabinsk region after the accident at the Mayak enterprise of the Ministry of Atomic Industry in the late 50s of the XX century, the Orenburg region in the area of the Totsk Camps test site, where nuclear weapons were tested, the Bryansk region after Chernobyl disaster). As a result, according to Russian experts, 20-50% of food products contain pesticides, nitrates, heavy metals in concentrations that are hazardous to human health. Such an ecological situation in Russia leads to the destruction of the "human capital" of the country (deterioration of the health of the population, a decrease in life expectancy, and an increase in mortality). As a result of the deterioration of the ecological situation, mutagenesis occurs - a change in human genes. The deterioration of the ecological situation continues, especially in large cities, where a lot of mutagens fall on a person: 1) emissions from factories; 2) pesticides and nitrates in agricultural products; 3) radioactive contamination; 4) noise and vibrations; 5) stress and much more. In recent years, cases of forest fires have become more frequent in Siberia, the Far East, Transbaikalia and other regions of Russia, and over large areas. This also leads to serious environmental consequences (as is known, reforestation in places of fires requires a lot of money and a long time - more than 10 years). Russia's need for investments in ecology, according to Western environmental experts, before 2005 amounted to 359 billion dollars. These data were presented at the conference "Ecology and Investments" held at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation in the spring of 1997. In developed countries, investments in ecology annually amount to 3-4% of GDP. In Russia in 1996 this figure was 0,5%, while in 1997 the federal budget provided for environmental programs only 6% of the necessary funds. In the event of an expected economic recovery in the coming years (until 2010), environmental problems in Russia may become even more acute and intractable, especially in a market economy (the tax burden makes it difficult for enterprises to carry out the necessary environmental measures). It is obvious that funding for environmental programs from the federal budget will continue to be miserable. Does not improve the situation and many environmental problems and use since the early 90s of the XX century. payments for environmental pollution, payments for natural resources, environmental insurance. But despite all the problems, Russia has no other choice than to start "greening" the country's policy as soon as possible. Greening - this is not only clean water and air, but also the guaranteed well-being of future generations, the health of citizens, and sustainable rates of development of the economy as a whole. The complication of the environmental situation in many large cities of Russia in recent decades is also associated with an increase in the number of buses and heavy vehicles (Mercedes, KamAZ, Ikarus, Scania, Man, etc.), which have diesel engines. engines. From the combustion of diesel fuel, carbon monoxide, sulfur, arsenic, lead and other toxic and carcinogenic substances enter the atmosphere with exhaust gases. Therefore, the population is constantly reminded of the accumulation of all the above substances harmful to human health in the fruits of mountain ash, hawthorn, apricot and others growing along the roads, as well as in flowers, mushrooms, and plants. Moreover, often the grass growing along the roads is mowed and fed to animals (goats, sheep, cows, rabbits, horses) in private farmsteads, as a result, many carcinogenic substances end up in the milk and meat of animals. In Moscow, Leningrad and a number of regions of Central Russia, where there is a very dense network of roads, in each kilogram of dry tops of potatoes and beets (sugar and table) growing in fields near roads, they found from 20 to 80 mg of lead emitted from exhaust pipes cars. Some lovers of jogging, fast walking, cycling or just walking take their "health measures" along or near highways, not suspecting what they are "pumping" their body with. At the same time, harmful substances enter the blood especially actively, respectively, the effect is the opposite of the desired one. The most environmentally friendly is electric transport - trams, trolleybuses, electric trains. To reduce the harmful effects of vehicles, tree plantations are planted along the roads, and multi-tiered ones. The first tier - shrubs: lilac, narrow-leaved sucker, barberry, golden-leaved currant, wild rose, etc. The second tier - small-leaved elm, linden, oak, juniper, white locust, birch, etc. The third tier - pyramidal poplar, cypress, spruce, pine, beech, etc. The denser and multi-tiered forest plantations along the roads, the greater the effect of protection from exhaust gases of agricultural crops in the adjacent fields. Similar plantings in order to protect the population from emissions and exhausts of harmful chemicals are practiced in cities, towns, on the territories of factories, chemical and metallurgical plants. As industrial botanists have established, poplar leaves absorb sulfur compounds, phenol (fumes), chlorine, and fluorine. Maple and linden absorb from the air in an hour up to 300-500 mg of sulfur dioxide per kilogram of dry leaf weight. Lilac actively absorbs lead compounds and chemical organics. Trees and shrubs are good dust collectors, as well as "producers" of oxygen (for example, a beech at a height of about 20 m emits 800-1000 kg of oxygen per year). Unfortunately, deciduous trees and shrubs "work" as human protectors only during the growing season (warm season - from spring to autumn) and only conifers - all year round. In winter, the environmental situation in cities worsens, especially during periods of calm, calm weather. It is no coincidence that in such weather, many chronic diseases among urban residents become aggravated or new ones appear. Considering the very difficult environmental situation in many large cities of Russia, environmentalists recommend planting trees and shrubs near houses, enterprises, institutions, and growing home plants such as geraniums, petunias in apartments, houses, offices, workshops to ensure the safety of the population. , chlorophytum, philodendron, other liana-like, cacti, aloe, lemon, roses, etc. But keep in mind that some house plants, in particular geraniums, can release allergens. Gas stove - a source of air pollution directly in apartments or private houses; the need for breeding domestic plants - green "orderlies" is absolutely obvious. Ecologists have found that as a result of the combustion of household gas in the burners of kitchen gas stoves, carbon oxides CO and CO are released.2, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, carcinogenic hydrocarbons and a number of other chemicals that significantly affect human health. At the same time, during the studies, the effect of chronic, gradual poisoning of the human body was discovered. Its symptoms are: feeling unwell, headache, weakness, malaise, arrhythmia, high blood pressure, etc. To heat their homes in winter, when the central steam heating system is not working, residents often light all the burners and the oven of gas household stoves. In such cases, the apartment turns into a gas chamber with all the ensuing consequences for the life of people. To avoid them, it is necessary to install hoods or air cleaners above the stoves. Another factor that complicates the life of people in apartments and private houses (as well as in offices of institutions) is the use of various sources of electromagnetic radiation: refrigerators, televisions, computers, radios, video recorders, vacuum cleaners, microwave ovens (microwave), etc. Experts have established a biological effect electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the functioning of the human body as a whole, as well as its individual systems (immune, endocrine, hematopoietic, etc.), sensory organs, nervous system. Constant exposure to EMR on the human body can lead to serious, severe diseases of the above systems of life. The strongest electromagnetic radiation is in the zone of power lines, power substations (transformers) and power plants. In these areas, EMR has a significant negative impact on human life in cases of frequent or permanent presence or residence. Areas around nuclear power plants are especially dangerous in this respect. Back in the 80s. XNUMXth century geophysicists have identified the so-called geopathogenic zones - areas of the Earth where powerful anomalous radiations are recorded, dangerous for all living things and, of course, for humans, penetrating everything on the surface of the Earth. A whole house or several apartments, or even a small part of an apartment, as well as offices of institutions and enterprises can be in the zone of such radiation. The danger of such zones of anomalous radiation lies in the fact that their destructive effect does not affect immediately, but in the form of a resonant impact as a permanent, long-term impact on a person. A person begins to feel pronounced drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, constant headaches, nervousness, etc. Dogs, horses, camels, cows, pigs are more sensitive to geopathogenic zones than humans, and they try to leave them immediately after their discovery by their own instincts. Cats can only stay in these areas for a short time. Scientists have identified sources of anomalous radiation in geopathogenic zones - these are cracks in the earth's crust, karst voids and underground (ground) waters, which in many cases cause cancer. The ecological function of engineering dowsing is to search for and explore areas of increased risk for people and animals. Scientists have established that there is no protection for animals from geopathic zones (as a result of numerous attempts to create screens from mirrors, glass, foil, shells and other objects). The way out of the current situation with environmental problems is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and, first of all, give up bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs), as well as competent environmental behavior. Competent environmental behavior means the following: 1) departure on weekends or on vacation outside the city; 2) daily walks away from heavy traffic; 3) rational nutrition based on purified drinking tap water; 4) refusal to use lemonade containing aspartame, which causes diseases of the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract; 5) refusal to eat foods containing genetically modified components - soy, corn, potatoes, grains, etc. Back in 1985-1988. The American magazine "International Sugar Report" published a report that long-term use of aspartame as a sugar substitute in various products and lemonade causes serious mental illness, mental disorders, loss of vision, and headaches. In the last decade in the United States and other Western countries, there has been an outflow of the population from large cities to rural areas with a favorable natural environment and natural products. A similar process has been taking place in Russia in recent years. Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.
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