MHD generator. Drawing, description

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MHD generator. Children's Science Lab

Children's Science Lab

Let us briefly recall the purpose and principle of operation of the MHD generator. This is a power plant in which the thermal energy of the working fluid (electrolyte, liquid metal or plasma) is converted directly into electrical energy.

MHD generator

To create a magnetic field, the model uses ten school horseshoe magnets stacked with the same poles close to each other. In the middle part, the magnets are fastened with two aluminum plates. The plates are connected in three places (at the edges and in the middle) with bolts and nuts. The width of the plates is 5 cm, the thickness is 1-2 mm. The ends of the plates are bent at a right angle - so it will be more convenient to fix them in the legs of school laboratory tripods.

Two copper plates approximately 30 cm long, 2 cm wide and 2 mm thick are used as electrodes. The upper ends of these plates are also bent at a right angle and fixed in the legs of the tripods. A school demonstration galvanometer is connected to the terminals installed on the electrodes.

The plasma source is a conventional gas burner or a Barthel gas burner, which produces a vertical flame.

In preparation for the demonstration, install the electrodes in the gap between the poles of the magnets at a distance of 1-2 mm from each other - so that the magnetic field lines are parallel to the planes of the electrodes. Heat the burner until a high temperature flame is obtained and place it under the air gap between the electrodes. The arrow of the device will begin to slowly deviate from the zero position, registering a current strength of approximately 0,15 mA. The effect will be stronger, the stronger the magnetic field.

How to explain the occurrence of EMF in this case? The fact is that the flame of the burner is a low-temperature plasma, consisting of positive and negative air ions and combustion products of gas (or gasoline). The ions move vertically upward, perpendicular to the lines of force. In a magnetic field, each ion is affected by the Lorentz force, which deflects the ion towards the electrode. The direction of the force can be determined by the left hand rule. As a result, positive ions settle on one electrode (it becomes the cathode), and negative ions on the other (anode). Since the electrodes acquire opposite charges, an emf arises between them.

It is possible to vary not only the magnitude of the magnetic field. The introduction of various salt or alkaline additives into the plasma can also significantly increase the EMF. And maybe you guys will have your own original ideas in connection with this model.

Author: N.Solodukhin

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