How do our kidneys function? Detailed answer

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How do our kidneys function? Detailed answer

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How do our kidneys function?

The kidneys, which are two flat, bean-shaped hard internal organs, are among the most important organs in our body. They are about 10 centimeters long and are located in the waist area on both sides of the spine.

The kidneys remove unwanted substances from the body. It is just as important for the body to get rid of what it does not need and what it is not able to process, as it is to get what it needs. They also regulate the amount of water and other substances in the blood. On the outside of each kidney, the blood capillaries form small loops that gather into lumps covered with a thin film. There are about 1,5 million of these lumps in each kidney, which are called glomeruli. More blood passes through the kidneys every minute than through any other organ. The glomeruli allow the flow of blood, which carries minute solutes, to pass through the membrane.

The fluid that penetrates is called urine. It collects within each cup-shaped wall surrounding each glomerulus. Very thin tubes called renal tubules carry urine out of the calyces. As urine passes through the thin tubules, the lining cells are involved in the exchange of substances between the blood and urine. Substances that are required by the body are returned back to the blood. Due to this, sugar does not leave the body. A significant part of the water from the tubules also returns to the blood.

Thus, the kidneys help maintain the required moisture in the body. If a person sweats or drinks a little water, the kidneys return more fluid to the blood. Then less urine is produced. The kidney tubules also help regulate the amount of acid in the blood. All small tubules gather inside the kidneys and exit into a cavity, the renal pelvis. Urine then travels through two tubes called ureters that connect each kidney to the bladder.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How to determine the optimality (insufficiency, redundancy) of the mass of your weight?

To determine normal body weight, they usually use the formula proposed back in the 1824th century by the famous French anthropologist Paul Broca (1880-100): ideal weight in kilograms is equal to height in centimeters minus XNUMX.

Excess weight by 10-30 percent corresponds to the first degree of obesity, 30-50 percent - the second, 50100-XNUMX percent - the third. Already at the first degree, some troubles begin to appear, and an excess of mass by one and a half to two times is considered to be a serious disease that is subject to mandatory treatment.

Recently, another indicator of optimal body weight is increasingly used - body mass index (BMI).

To determine BMI, you need to divide body weight in kilograms by the square of height, expressed in meters. If the resulting value falls in the range of 18,5-25, then the weight is normal from 25 to 30 - overweight over 30 - obesity. A BMI value below 18,5 corresponds to underweight.

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