Global warming is awakening volcanoes. Free Technical Library News

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Global warming wakes up volcanoes

04.01.2013

Obviously, volcanic eruptions affect the climate: huge amounts of sulfur dioxide are released, which subsequently reflects the sun's rays, cooling the planet for several years. But it turns out that the opposite also happens: periods of warming following periods of glaciation can lead to more frequent eruptions.

Recently, a team of geologists studied samples of oceanic bottom mud along the perimeter of the Pacific Ring of Fire, looking for signs of long-standing eruptions. The million-year-thick bottom layer contained layers of ash from 91 eruptions. By the location of these layers, the researchers were able to determine the approximate date of each of them. Analyzing the frequency distribution of these layers of ash, scientists found a pattern: major eruptions occurred every 41 years. This seemingly random figure is actually well known to paleoclimatologists: for 000 years, the Earth's axis cyclically tilts.

This periodic process is one of the three Milankovitch cycles that affect the earth's climate. Since the tilt of the earth's axis is the cause of the seasons, when it decreases, seasonal temperature fluctuations decrease. Due to this, in high latitudes, all the ice accumulated during the winter does not have time to melt during the summer, which leads to periods of glaciation.

But how might ice ages affect volcanoes? In the most direct way. During such periods, the water on the planet shifts part of its weight from the oceans to the surface of the continents, creating huge, up to kilometers thick, crusts of ice on their surface. With warming, all this ice is again leaving the continents. This movement is transmitted to the magma below the earth's surface; a rapid decrease in such pressure can cause magma to be released in the form of volcanic eruptions.

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