How do seeds propagate in nature? Detailed answer

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How do seeds propagate in nature? Detailed answer

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How do seeds propagate in nature?

Seeds, as you know, are one of the ways a plant reproduces another similar plant. But seeds require special conditions to grow. They need moisture, oxygen and warmth. If the seed does not begin to grow within a certain time, it dies. Therefore, it is very important for seeds to get to the right place at the right time. Fortunately, there are at least eight ways to distribute seeds.

Let's look at each of them. One of them is based on the fact that on the surface of many seeds there are hooks, spines and thorns. They cling to the skin of passing animals, to the clothes of people, and thus are transported. Another type of seed may be called "sticky". These seeds are found in sticky berries. When the berries are pecked by birds, some of the seeds stick to their beaks, which are carried over long distances.

Seeds of plants growing in or near water often fall into mud or water. When birds or animals walk along the shore in search of food, mud sticks to their paws, which often contains seeds. Some seeds serve as food for various animals. Squirrels, birds and insects feed on certain types of seeds. Since not all the seeds that they pick up are eaten, the rest are carried to different places and scattered.

Man himself scatters many seeds without knowing it. The grain contains many seeds that are so small that they cannot be weeded out, and when grain is transported, these seeds travel with it. Some seeds "fly" to new places. Many of them have fluffy shoots, with the help of which they are picked up by the wind. Maple seeds, for example, grow in pairs, each with a winglet.

Some other seeds are parachute-shaped and easily carried by the wind. Certain types of seeds can be called "swimmers". They fall into the water and the wind drives them away. Finally, there are plants in which seeds are propagated by means of an explosion. When their fruits dry up, they suddenly burst and the seeds from them are scattered several feet around.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Which planet in the solar system was the first to be discovered with a telescope?

Before the invention of the telescope, the most distant planet available for observation was Saturn (more distant planets cannot be seen with the naked eye). The first telescope appeared in 1608, but more than 170 years passed before the discovery of Uranus, although it was repeatedly observed during this period, describing it as a dim star.

The Aristotelian idea that the number of wandering bodies, planets in the etymological sense of the word, should be equal to seven (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn plus the Sun and Moon), is so rooted in the minds of astronomers that no one followed the period of movement of this dim object.

The honor of discovering a new planet belongs to William Herschel, a musician from Hanover who moved to England. In March 1781, for several nights, he observed a section of the sky in the direction of the constellation Gemini and noticed a volumetric non-point object that slowly moved across the firmament. At first, Herschel thought it was a comet, but the edges of comets seem blurry, and the body he observed was bright and clear.

Astronomers and mathematicians throughout Europe began to calculate the size and orbit of the mysterious object. Already in May 1781, it became finally clear that for the first time since ancient times a planet had been discovered.

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Random news from the Archive

dream switch 28.10.2015

Scientists from the University of California at Berkeley (USA) have found neurons in the brain, the stimulation of which causes dreams.

Neurons in the ventral side of the medulla oblongata, whose main mediator is gamma-aminobutyric acid, are active during REM sleep, but until now it was thought that they only provide muscle inhibition, preventing the body from moving during sleep.

In a new study, it was found that the activation of these neurons is enough for the animal to enter REM sleep in two seconds. Having provided mice with the synthesis of light-sensitive receptor proteins in a given area of the brain in a given type of neuron, the scientists irradiated and selectively activated those neurons that carry the receptor label.

Observing the work of the brain using electroencephalography, it was found that exposure during non-REM sleep in 94% of cases leads to the transition of sleep to a fast phase, which subjectively corresponds to the appearance of dreams.

Among these nerve cells, two groups can be distinguished: those that transmit information lower, to the spinal cord, and those that send it higher, to the midbrain and hypothalamus. It is the second group of neurons that is responsible for "turning on" dreams.

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