Spiders live in all climatic zones, depending on the species, both in the air and on the water, on the ground and in the soil. Their sizes range from 8 cm to barely visible. Some species can do without water for a whole year, and one subspecies - a large tarantula - feeds on birds and lives for about 15 years. However, most species live only one year. But the most important thing is that spiders are not insects. They belong to a group called "arachnids". They differ from insects in that they have 8 legs instead of the usual six, 8 eyes, and only two body parts.
The fiber that spiders use for their webs is produced by special abdominal glands. The gossamer extends from many tiny depressions on the weaving organs located at the tip of the abdomen. It appears in the form of a liquid, which solidifies immediately in air.
There are several types of fibers: sticky, necessary for catching prey; strong, supportive rails that do not stick to; and for cocoons in which eggs are laid. Some of them are soft and fluffy, others are hard and hard.
Spiders can weave all these types of webs. The wheel-shaped web is used only for catching prey. First, a "foundation" is created - the lower external heavy threads, in the form of an irregular quadrangle. Next, the spokes of the wheel are constructed, supporting 3-4 turns of the helix. Last of all, sticky spirals densely filling the empty space appear.
Another type of web is called a leaf web. These are flat funnel-shaped or dome-shaped surfaces of the fibers. The spider lives on the other side.
The spider makes a "hatch" in the form of a bottle-shaped hole. It is on top. This makes the burrow comfortable, disguising it as branches and soil. Wolf spiders build a tunnel in the ground and connect it to fibers.
European water spiders build bell-shaped houses right under the water. The spider fills it with air, bringing it from the surface with abdominal hairs. Here he lays his eggs and raises the babies until they can build their own home. By the way, not all spiders spin webs. Some only build a one-room house in a leaf and a piece of bark.
Author: Likum A.
Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:
What rule did Peter I establish for speakers in the Senate?
Regarding the rules for speeches in the Senate, Peter I established the following rule: "Whoever begins to speak, do not interrupt the other, but let it finish and then the other one should speak like honest people, and not like women merchants."
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| Random news from the Archive Musical and mathematical gift are interconnected
04.12.2020
There has long been a widespread belief that people who are talented in music are also talented in mathematics and reading. Scientists have confirmed this in several studies.
Music educator Martin Burgee from the US never believed this theory. He was sure that background factors, such as the social class or race of the participants, influenced the results of the studies. For example, if a musical child succeeds in mathematics, this indicates, first of all, that he has access to quality education and enough time for classes.
Burgey did the research hoping to debunk the "myth". To his amazement, he only proved that the connection between talents in music, mathematics and reading is even stronger than it seems.
The study covers more than 1 middle school students, taking into account their race, social class and other factors. As it turned out, the ability to music, mathematics and reading are really connected, regardless of social conditions and other factors.
Bergey and his co-author Kevin Weingarten of the University of Washington proposed that the ability to distinguish between pitches, intervals, and meters shares a cognitive basis with the ability to distinguish between speech. Modality and tone in music can be based on the same neurological features as mathematical knowledge.
Thus, if the child's mind is developed as a whole, the researchers say, he will be talented in certain areas. This may change the idea that modular schooling is better than universal.
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