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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Where did oranges first appear? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Where did oranges first appear? There is evidence that in China the orange was known at least 4000 years ago! There are two types of orange fruit - sweet and sour. The sour orange was the first to be grown in Europe. It was known to the Moors, who took over southern Spain and Sicily around the ninth century. By the XNUMXth century, the Moors felt like masters of the conquered countries, they planted sour orange and other trees there. Sour oranges were grown throughout southern Europe until the XNUMXth century, when growing trade with the East brought the sweet orange to Europe. Although some cultivars of sour oranges are still grown and eaten, they are mainly used for crossbreeding with sweet oranges. Sweet oranges were originally a delicacy that only the rich could afford. Kings and nobles paid huge sums of money to purchase orange trees and plant them in their gardens. In colder countries, southern orange trees could freeze in cold winters, so special greenhouses called greenhouses were built. Oranges were planted in tubs; in summer they were taken outside, and in winter they grew behind glass in greenhouses, where they bloomed, despite the frost on the street. Did you know that when Christopher Columbus set off in search of new lands, he took orange seeds and many other citrus fruits with him? The seeds were sown on the island of Hispaniola. Citrus fruits flourished in the tropical climate of the West Indies and in what is now Florida. The Indians used oranges for food, and as they traveled a lot eating oranges, the seeds fell into the ground and germinated. Citrus fruits planted in this way soon became wild. The United States is currently the world leader in orange cultivation. The state of Florida has an abundance of orange trees and produces more sweet oranges than any other state or country! Author: Likum A.
How are television programs broadcast via satellites? An artificial satellite is a man-made spacecraft orbiting the Earth. Such satellites are launched into space for various purposes. Satellites can vary in size from small to huge balls. They can weigh from a few kilograms to many tons. They can be of various shapes: in the form of a ball, a hatbox, a tin can, a water buoy and a cigar box. The orbits of some satellites pass only 176 kilometers from the Earth. Others rotate at a distance of 35 kilometers from it. The orbit of the satellite is calculated by scientists in advance, depending on its purpose. All satellites require electrical energy for the normal functioning of the equipment installed on them. The main source of this energy is the Sun. On the surface of the satellites are mounted many solar panels that convert sunlight into electricity. From this electricity, the batteries of the satellite are charged. Radio and television signals can be transmitted from continent to continent via communications satellites. Most communication satellites have receivers and transmitters. The receivers pick up radio and TV programs from ground stations. Electronic devices amplify television and radio broadcast signals. Transmitters then send these signals to distant ground stations, which may be on another continent. An example of such a satellite is Telstar. Telstar 1 was launched in the United States in July 1962. It made possible direct television broadcasts between the United States and Europe. One type of communication satellite moves in a stationary orbit around the Earth at a distance of 35 kilometers. It takes a satellite twenty-four hours to complete this orbit, the same time it takes the Earth to rotate on its axis. Therefore, it turns out that the satellite is always in the same place above the Earth. One of the satellites of this type was named "Early Bird". Due to the fact that its orbit is so high, it can transmit signals over very long distances.
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