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Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
6. Features of planting and growing

Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry), Ribes uva-crispa. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Gooseberry (Ribes)

Family: Gooseberries (Grossulariaceae)

Origin: Europe and Asia.

Area: Common gooseberry grows in most European countries, including Russia, as well as in North America.

Chemical composition: Common gooseberry contains many vitamins (C, PP, B1, B2, A, K), trace elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron) and pectin substances. Gooseberries also contain citric, malonic and malic acid.

Economic value: Common gooseberries are used in the food and confectionery industry for the production of compotes, juices, jams, jams and other canned products. Common gooseberries are also used in medicine as a source of vitamins and trace elements. Common gooseberry leaves are used as a tea, which relieves fatigue and increases efficiency. Gooseberries are also popular in landscape design for hedges and decorative arrangements.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, the hero Adonis, lover of the goddess of beauty Aphrodite, died from a boar's bite when he was picking gooseberries. A shrub grew from his blood, which was then dedicated to Aphrodite. In Christian tradition, the gooseberry bush has been associated with the Easter holiday. According to legend, the bush on the night before the Resurrection of Christ grew green leaves, which then turned into berries in the form of drops of blood.

Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry), Ribes uva-crispa. Description, illustrations of the plant

Gooseberry, Grossularia Mill var Ribes uva-crispa L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry

Shrub up to 1 m high, with erect spiny shoots. Leaves are three-five-lobed, rounded. The flowers are bell-shaped, drooping, greenish or reddish, collected in a bunch. The fruit is a juicy greenish or yellowish berry covered with numerous glandular bristles. Blooms in May-June.

Gooseberries do not belong to the most ancient plants. In Rus', it appeared in culture in the XNUMXth century, but did not receive distribution. The best landings were at monasteries, especially Kyiv ones. In the XNUMXth century, when a large number of large-fruited varieties were bred in England, they were brought to Eastern Europe and began to gradually replace unproductive local varieties. The ancestor of most new varieties was the gooseberry rejected.

The plant is moisture-loving, prefers fertile, loose, weed-free soils. Gooseberries are propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings and layering. The latter is preferable: when propagated by layering, more planting material is obtained. Long annual shoots are laid horizontally in the soil to a depth of 8-10 cm. During the summer, new shoots grow from the buds of these shoots. They are planted and watered regularly. In autumn, the layers are dug up, cut off from the mother bush and planted in a permanent place.

In mid-latitude conditions, October-November is considered the best landing time. One- and two-year-old seedlings are used, which are placed at a distance of 80 cm from each other. Before planting, the roots are dipped in a fertilizer mash. After planting, the soil is watered abundantly. In the spring, gooseberries begin to grow rapidly. Caring for it consists in regular (if necessary) watering, loosening the soil and fertilizing it. The shrub begins to bear fruit in the third year. The fruits ripen at the end of June. They are harvested at the stage of technical maturity. Gooseberries bear fruit for 10-15 years.

Gooseberries contain sugars, organic acids; they contain a lot of fiber, pectin, nitrogenous and tannins. Of the mineral elements, potassium predominates, but along with it there are sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and phosphorus. Vitamins C, P, groups B, E, carotene were found. By their number, gooseberries occupies one of the leading places among fruits.

The healing properties of gooseberries have long been known to the people. Decoctions of fruits and leaves are used for gastrointestinal colic, diarrhea, as a choleretic and diuretic. Fresh gooseberries are a dietary product that is recommended for children, the elderly with polyavitaminosis, iron deficiency in the body. Gooseberries are very useful for anemia, diseases of the liver, kidneys and bladder. Gooseberry leaves are used as a hemostatic agent.

Gooseberries are called "northern grapes". Sweet, tasty and nutritious berries are consumed fresh. In addition, juice, jelly, compote, jam are made from them. Jam is made from unripe gooseberries.

Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.

Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry), Ribes uva-crispa. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Previously, the rejected gooseberry (Grossularia reclinata) was considered as a separate species from the genus Grossularia Mill., and not as part of the Currant (Ribes) genus. The cross-resemblance between various currant and gooseberry species eventually led to the concept of a single genus. Later classifications recognize only one genus, Ribes. As a result of Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill., Ribes uva-crispa came to be considered.

The old Latin name for the gooseberry Grossularia is derived from the French "groseille".

Gooseberry (gooseberry) is called with the light hand of the British. They gave it that name because gooseberries were used to make a sweet and sour sauce served with roast goose.

The gooseberry is called wine berry because in Europe very tasty, fragrant wine was made from gooseberries. Moreover, they insisted it along with the leaves of borage. Such sour wine, as well as fresh fruits plucked from the bush, were very fond of Henry VIII. Apparently, therefore, the best varieties of this plant were bred by the British.

A small deciduous shrub up to 1-1,2 m high, with dark gray or dark brown exfoliating bark.

The branches bear tripartite, rarely simple spines of leaf origin. Young shoots are cylindrical, grayish, covered with thin needle-like spines and small black dots. Leaf scar with three traces. The buds are brown, covered with numerous red scales, pubescent along the edge with white hairs. The buds sit in the axils of the spines (thorns) or above the tripartite spines. The leaves are petiolate, rounded or cordate-ovate, up to 6 cm long, shortly pubescent and dull. Leaf blade with 3-5 lobes and blunt-toothed margin.

Flowers bisexual, greenish or reddish, solitary or 2-3 in leaf axils. The hypanthium, like the sepals, is pubescent. Blooms in May.

Fruits - berries, oval or almost spherical, up to 12 mm long (there are up to 30-40 mm), naked or coarsely bristly, with clearly visible veins. Green, yellow or purple. Ripen in June-August.

The gooseberry is native to Western Europe and North Africa. As a wild plant, it is still common in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and Central Asia, Central and Southern Europe, North Africa and North America. The gooseberry is well bred, runs wild and is carried by birds to the forests.

It grows among shrubs on rocky slopes of mountains from the lower to the upper zone. In the middle lane, wild gooseberries can be found in humid and swampy forests, on the outskirts of settlements, in wastelands and overgrown farmlands.

Gooseberries are rich in vitamins and microelements. It contains vitamins of groups B, C, A, R. In addition, the fruits are rich in trace elements, such as potassium, sodium, iodine. They contain calcium, iron, copper, cobalt, rare substances - phosphorus, zinc, manganese. Also, the plant contains many acids, for example, folic, citric, malic. Berries, leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, and pectins. By the way, it is pectins that actively remove heavy metals from the body that accumulate in the body during radioactive contamination of the environment.

Common gooseberry is one of the main berry bushes, due to the fact that its berries contain a lot of sugars, acids and various vitamins. The fruits are eaten fresh or used to make jam, jelly, marmalade and wine.

Gooseberries have a rich set of medicinal properties. Experts recommend using its fruits in the presence of anemia, with frequent or chronic constipation, and also as a prevention of sclerosis. Gooseberries also help strengthen capillaries and blood vessels. It is recommended to include in the diet for sore throat, inflammatory diseases of the skin, as well as kidneys, bladder.

Due to the presence of serotonin, gooseberries are considered an effective preventive measure for certain cancers, hypertension, and diseases of the nervous system. Another very important property is to accumulate nitrogen, remove uric acid from the body.

Gooseberries help the body get rid of harmful substances, saturate it with useful minerals, salts, acids, vitamins. With its regular use, the work of the liver and gallbladder improves. With the external use of ripe fruit juice, the skin condition improves.

It is recommended for people with diabetes, as it contains a large amount of chromium. This substance is usually lacking in the body of diabetics.

Gooseberries are useful for the normal functioning of the intestines, for restoring impaired metabolism. Ripe gooseberries are especially useful for children and the elderly.

Common gooseberry. reference Information

Perennial shrub up to 1,5 m high of the gooseberry family. For the first time, gooseberry culture originated in the XNUMXth century. in ancient Rus' in the monastery gardens, where it was known under the names "bersen" and "agryz". In Moscow under Ivan III in the XNUMXth century. fruit orchards with gooseberries were laid; a wide culture of the plant began in the XNUMXth century.

The fruit is a globular or broadly elliptical berry, green, yellow or purple, glabrous or covered with glandular bristles. Gooseberry is one of the valuable early ripening berry crops; often referred to as northern grapes. Fruits contain up to 14% sugars (most of them are represented by easily digestible monosaccharides glucose and fructose), more than 1% pectin, up to 2% organic acids (mainly citric and malic), up to 60 mg% ascorbic acid, carotene, vitamins B1, PP , minerals (salts of iron, copper, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, a lot of phosphorus).

Ripe berries are eaten fresh, dried and canned with sugar for the future, unripe fruits are used to make jam, jelly, compotes, marmalade, wines, liqueurs. Gooseberries are a dietary product recommended for children and the elderly with metabolic disorders and obesity, a good refreshing, tonic, choleretic and diuretic.

In folk medicine, a decoction of berries was used both as a mild laxative for chronic constipation, and as an astringent for diarrhea, as a hematopoietic, analgesic for gastric colic, vitamin, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and also to normalize the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.

Gooseberry. Features of planting and growing

Gooseberries are often referred to as northern grapes. Unpretentious culture gives good harvests. Bushes feel great in lighted areas. Afraid of shade and waterlogging. You can find gooseberries in almost all regions.

Bushes begin to bear fruit from the third year. Berries can be green, yellow or red-brown. There are at least 1500 varieties.

European varieties are praised for their high palatability. The disadvantage is instability to disease and frost. American - not afraid of drought, give a good harvest. The size of the berries are inferior to European varieties. Hybrid - combine all the best. In garden plots are considered the most common.

Features of care. Gooseberries do not tolerate acidic soils; it is recommended to add garden compost and lime to the planting trench. Bushes are planted in September. When planting in the spring, the plant may die. Old and dry branches must be pruned. Harvest gooseberries as they ripen. Because of the thorns on the branches, it is best to do this with gloves.

Almost all varieties of gooseberries provide good fruiting when located in areas open to the sun: shrubs planted in the shade often freeze because their shoots do not have time to fully mature before frost, which is possible only in a sunny location. In regions with a hot climate, this shrub can also be planted in slightly shaded areas.

The gooseberry is undemanding to the composition of the soil and grows well both on sandy and clay soils, especially if they are deeply dug, carefully fertilized, regularly loosened and not overgrown with weeds. On sandy soil, the berries ripen earlier and are sweeter, however, at the same time they do not reach the same size as on more fertile land.

As a rule, gooseberries are planted either in a specially designated area for it, or between fruit trees. But in the latter case, the shrub will have to be replanted when the overgrown tree crowns begin to shade it. At one time in landscape design, gooseberries were used for planting rabatok near the paths: the bushes were planted at a distance of 80-150 cm from each other and pruned in time so that the branches retain the desired shape and do not grow too much.

Gooseberry planting. The best planting time is determined by the climatic features of the region: for example, in the northern strip, it is better to plant berries in the spring. If the shrubs were purchased in the fall, then for the winter they are simply added dropwise in a dry place protected from the winds, and they are planted in a permanent place in the spring.

In the southern zone, where frosts begin quite late, gooseberries can be planted in September - the shrub has time to take root well, therefore, with the onset of heat, it quickly grows without wasting resources on rooting.

When growing gooseberries, surface fertilizer is of great importance: a layer of humus or well-rotted mullein is poured into the holes formed around the shrubs after slight subsidence of the soil. The best results are shown by fertilization in early spring, after the first loosening of the soil.

Also, thinning the bushes contributes to obtaining a bountiful harvest: when pruning, branches older than 4 years of age and young branches that grow too closely or have an inclination into the bush are usually removed. The center of the bush is cut so that strong side branches receive enough sunlight and air.

When using gooseberries as an element of landscape design, they are often given the shape of a tree. To do this, one strong, even shoot is left at the bush, removing all the others as they appear. After the shoot reaches a length of about 50 cm, pinch its top, and only 3-4 of the side shoots are left, the most even and strong. It is these side shoots that will subsequently form a beautiful crown of the "tree".

The next year, on the "branches" of the future tree, 2-3 of the most favorably located lateral shoots are again selected, and the root shoots and other shoots are cut off - thus the desired crown shape is set. Propagation of gooseberries by layering

For this breeding method, the strongest specimens are selected. The earth around the shrub is carefully loosened, then individual shoots are attracted to it with hooks. The place of attachment of the shoot is carefully covered with soil, which is kept moist.

Sometimes, to speed up this process, the retracted shoot in the place where it will be covered with earth is slightly damaged: slightly cut, slightly twisted, that is, they contribute to increased movement of juice and the formation of young roots.

If it is necessary to get not one, but several young individuals, then layering is done in a slightly different way: thin branches are pressed along their entire length to the loosened earth and lightly, literally 5-6 cm, sprinkle them with loose soil.

Of all the eyes on the branch, shoots will have to develop. At the end of summer, the branch can be cut into separate fragments (young individuals) and planted in temporary beds. Propagation of gooseberries by cuttings

Unlike currants, gooseberries are much more difficult to propagate by cuttings. Cuttings planted in open ground give such a small percentage of rooted plants that greenhouse propagation is more effective.

Cuttings are cut from the shoots of the current year at a time when they finish growing and they are strong enough. As a rule, such shoots are quite flexible and do not break when you try to bend them. Each cutting should be quite long: about 7-8 eyes; from the bottom, which will be immersed in the sand, all leaves must be removed.

Sand or soil-sandy soil is poured into the greenhouses, the beds are tightly covered with glass or film, which are shaded so that the plants are not exposed to direct sunlight. As soon as the cuttings take root, they are planted in temporary beds, but in areas with a fairly cold climate, it is recommended to leave young plants to winter in greenhouses.

Author: Zorina A.

Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry), Ribes uva-crispa. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• To treat a cold: brew 2 tablespoons of crushed gooseberry leaves in 1 liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 10-15 minutes, then strain and take 1/2 cup 3 times a day.
• For the treatment of skin diseases: Mix 1 tablespoon of crushed gooseberry leaves with 1 tablespoon of honey and apply to the affected areas of the skin. Leave on for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• To strengthen immunity: prepare an infusion of 2 tablespoons of chopped gooseberry leaves and 1 liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 30-40 minutes, then strain and take 1/2 cup 2 times a day.
• To improve digestion: prepare an infusion of 1 tablespoon of crushed gooseberry leaves and 1 cup of boiling water. Let it brew for 10-15 minutes, then strain and take 1/4 cup before meals.
• For the treatment of angina: Steep 1 tablespoon of crushed gooseberry leaves in 1 cup boiling water. Let it steep for 10-15 minutes, then strain and use as a gargle several times a day.

Cosmetology:

• Gooseberry face cream: Mix 2 tablespoons of fresh mashed gooseberries with 1 tablespoon of honey and 1 tablespoon of milk. Add 1 tablespoon of olive oil and mix well until smooth. Apply the cream on the face and neck, leave for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Gooseberry hair mask: Mix 2 tablespoons of fresh mashed gooseberries with 1 tablespoon of honey and 1 tablespoon of olive oil. Apply to wet hair and leave for 30 minutes, then rinse with warm water and shampoo your hair.
• Gooseberry Facial Toner: brew 2 tablespoons of fresh or dried gooseberry leaves in 1 liter of boiling water. Let it steep for 30 minutes, then strain and add 1 tablespoon of rum. Soak a cotton pad in the tonic and wipe your face, avoiding the eye area.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Common gooseberry (gooseberry rejected, European gooseberry), Ribes uva-crispa. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Common gooseberry, also known as deviated gooseberry or European gooseberry, is a popular fruit shrub that grows in temperate climates. Its sweet and sour fruit can be eaten fresh or used for canning, desserts and wine.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing common gooseberries:

Cultivation:

• Common gooseberry loves a sunny or semi-shady place. It can be grown both outdoors and in containers.
• Planting shrubs should be carried out at a depth of 5-10 cm. The distance between plants should be approximately 1-1,5 meters.
• Plants should be regularly watered and fertilized, especially during flowering and fruiting. Make sure the soil always remains moist, but not oversaturated with water.
• During fruiting, fruit should be regularly removed from the bush to maintain productivity.

Workpiece:

• When gooseberries become soft and juicy, they can be harvested and used in cooking.
• Before use, the fruits must be washed and the tail removed.
• Gooseberries can be used to make jam, compote, jam, syrup, pies, puddings, mousses and wine.

Storage:

• Gooseberries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 1 week after picking.
• If you are going to store them for a longer period of time, freeze them or dry them. Frozen fruits can be stored up to 12 months, and dried fruits - up to 6 months.

See also Article Gooseberry. Features of planting and growing

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