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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
How do birds find their way home? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? How do birds find their way home? One of the strangest and most mysterious things in nature is the ability of some animals to find their way home, sometimes from the most remote places. And birds are not the only ones capable of this. Bees, fish return to a certain place after long journeys. Many experiments have been carried out in an attempt to find out what makes birds return home. In one such experiment, seven sparrows were released 650 kilometers from home. Five of them returned to their nests. In another case, a species of seabird was flown from seaside nesting sites to Venice by plane. When they were released, they made their way back. If you count in a straight line, then this is 1500 kilometers. Bird flight is an even more amazing example of this unique ability. There are sparrows that return every year from South Africa to England. But they do not just fly to this country every spring, but also try to make a nest in the same place as last year. Do you know which way they make their way back? Ten thousand kilometers! But it turns out that some varieties of butterflies are also migratory. They find their way home after many, many kilometers. In the tropics, you can sometimes observe such a picture - a huge cluster of butterflies flies in one direction. They can cover thousands of kilometers or more, and return again next season. Despite all the efforts made to explain how these creatures find their way home, we still don't know. Since many birds during their flights overcome vast expanses of water, this ability cannot be explained by the use of some kind of landmarks. Simply saying that they have "instinct" is unlikely to satisfy us. The reason for such flights is the search for the necessary conditions for obtaining food and reproducing offspring. But the signals and guides that they use when flying are still a mystery to humans! Author: Likum A.
Who were the first Europeans in Australia? It is believed that the northern coast of Australia was first seen by the Dutch navigator Billem Janszon at the beginning of the 1770th century. However, there is evidence that he was still ahead of the Portuguese sailors. In any case, already in the XNUMXth century, the Dutch visited the northern, western and southern shores of the unknown continent. In XNUMX, the English navigator James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia. Cook declared that the land he had discovered belonged to Great Britain and named it New South Wales. By this time, people were already living on the continent. Europeans called them natives. The natives had dark skin, thick lips and a wide nose, like the Negroes, and long wavy hair, like the Europeans.
By the XNUMXth century, Great Britain had lost its colonies in North America and needed new lands. In addition, English prisons were overflowing with convicts who had nowhere to exile: after all, for more than a hundred years they were sent to North America. The first ship with the exiles left England for the distant mainland in May 1787. In January 1788, 850 exiles and about 200 soldiers and officers landed on the east coast of Australia. Among the exiles were both dangerous criminals and those convicted of minor offenses. The first convict settlement was called Sydney. The regime there was very cruel. In 1793, the first free settlers arrived in Australia. But there were few of them, and the new lands were developed mainly by convicts. In the 50s of the 10th century, gold was found in this distant colony. During the 1,2 years of the "gold rush" the number of British in Australia has almost tripled. Already XNUMX million people lived there. From 1868, criminals were no longer exiled to Australia.
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