Why are leaves colored differently in autumn? Detailed answer

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Why are leaves colored differently in autumn? Detailed answer

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Why are leaves colored differently in autumn?

In summer, all trees have one color - green. Of course, there are different shades of green, but it seems that they were painted with the same brush. But in the fall, the same leaves acquire a different color. Where do these colors come from?

Let's remember that the green color of the leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll in them. Chlorophyll is a true food production plant located in every leaf. And two-thirds of the color of the leaves (their pigmentation) depends on the presence of chlorophyll in them. There are other shades on the leaves, but due to the large number they are practically invisible.

What are these shades? For example, the substance "xanthophylls", consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, has a yellow color. It makes up approximately 23% of the entire leaf pigmentation. Carotene, which gives carrots their characteristic hue, is also present in the leaf and makes up about 10% of the pigment. There is also anthocyanin, which gives sugar maple and red oak their vibrant red hues.

In summer, these pigments are not visible, we observe only green chlorophyll. With the onset of cold weather, the nutrients collected in the leaves of trees enter the branches and trunk. Since the production of nutrients stops in winter, the chlorophyll plant is closed and the chlorophyll decomposes. With its disappearance, other pigments that were constantly present in the leaf become visible. And we enjoy the variety of tree colors.

Before the leaf falls, a thin layer of cells forms at the base of each leaf. The wind rips off the leaves. A scar remains on the shoot, indicating the former location of the leaf.

Most evergreen trees do not shed their entire cover when cold weather approaches. This happens gradually throughout the year, so they always stay green.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did cities originate?

We consider cities as part of our civilization. When many different people learned to work and live together, then large cities arose. The main difference between the city, town and village is in size. In most cases, the city is the largest settlement.

Almost all cities have grown out of villages. No one knows when and where the first city appeared. Some nomadic tribe of hunters could have founded it. The hunters found a place that they liked so much that they wanted to stay there. This happened about 6000 years before our era, or even earlier. Around 3000 BC. e. people already built big cities and lived in them.

In prehistoric times, man discovered that if you tame captured animals, it becomes much easier to provide yourself with food. People didn't want to chase animals through the woods every time they got hungry. People have also learned that you can have many more fruits and grains if you grow your own plants. This is how agriculture began. But it was impossible to roam all the time and cultivate the land at the same time. I had to stay in one place to harvest. It would not be easy to drive the cattle behind you. When the tribes began to remain in place, villages and towns arose.

Nothing remains of the first villages, as they consisted of buildings made of skins, wood or clay. Over time, man learned to make durable materials, and the villages began to grow and turn into cities.

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