What is heat? Detailed answer

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What is heat? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What is heat?

It was once believed that heat is a kind of fluid that passes from one body to another. This imaginary fluid was called "heat".

Today we know that heat is the constant movement of atoms and molecules in an object; for example, in the air, atoms and molecules move randomly. As the speed of movement of these atoms and molecules increases, we say that the temperature of the air is high or that the air is hot. If their speed is low, for example on a cold day, we feel cold air.

Atoms and molecules in liquids and solids cannot move as freely as in air, but nevertheless such movement exists.

Even at the melting temperature of ice, the molecules continue to move. A hydrogen molecule at a given temperature moves at a speed of 1950 m/sec. In 16 cubic centimeters of air every second there are a thousand million million collisions between molecules.

Heat and temperature are not the same thing. The surface temperature of the small gas burner is the same as that of the large burner. It's just that a larger burner produces more heat as it burns more gas. Heat is a form of energy and when we measure heat we are measuring energy. Heat is measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 °C. Body temperature measures the level of thermal energy that a given body has. Temperature is measured with a thermometer and is expressed in degrees.

When connecting two bodies and in the absence of heat transfer from one to another, we say that the bodies have the same temperature. But if one body lost part of its thermal energy (the molecules slowed down their movement), and the second body received the same part of the heat from it (its molecules accelerated their movement), we say that the heat has passed from a warmer body to a colder one and that the temperature of the first body was higher than that of the second.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where did the statues on Easter Island come from?

On Easter Day in 1722, Dutch Admiral Jakob Rogevin's ship landed on a grassy island in the South Pacific. The admiral called the land he discovered Easter Island and soon discovered that this was a very mysterious place.

The island was located 1500 miles from the nearest inhabited land. The population of the island consisted of about 1000 natives - dark-skinned Polynesians. The most curious thing that the researcher managed to find on the island was the following. Along the entire shore, he saw huge human heads standing upright, each of which was carved from a single stone rock. The stone depicted elongated faces similar to each other with unusually long earlobes. Some statues had hands, while others had hats made from pieces of red volcanic lava.

Soon the admiral learned that the statues were not only on the shore, but scattered all over the island. Many unfinished ones were found in abandoned quarries. Primitive tribes in all corners of the earth have various forms of art, usually associated in one way or another with their religion, but nothing like these statues could be found anywhere else! In fact, they are still a mystery to scientists.

One of the questions, for example, is how primitive people could drag 50-ton statues from the quarries to the sea coast. What type of vehicle did they use? No one knows! Experts believe that the statues are somehow connected with primitive religious cults and burial rites.

Many of the statues were deliberately broken during the wars that raged on the island during the 20th century. But even the modern inhabitants of the island cannot explain what these statues are. Now Easter Island is a colony of Chile. The whole island, with the exception of a small part provided to the natives, is given over to pastures. The size of the island is small and is approximately 12 km long and XNUMX (at its widest point) wide.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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