How long ago did they start parodying the classics? Detailed answer

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How long ago did they start parodying the classics? Detailed answer

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How long ago did they start parodying the classics?

The oldest known parody of a classic work is "The War of Mice and Frogs" ("Batrachomyomachia"). This Greek comic epic, written in hexameter (possibly in the XNUMXth-XNUMXrd centuries BC), is a parody of Homer's Iliad.

The comedy of the work lies in the fact that its characters - mice and frogs - wage war among themselves like heroes, and even express themselves in the language of a heroic epic.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did the first lamps appear?

Until man discovered fire, the only source of heat and light for him was the sun. He could not control it, so he was completely helpless in the cold and darkness. Probably more than 100 years ago he opened fire. Then he noticed that some materials burn better than others. Perhaps he noticed that the fat that got into the fire from roasting meat burns brightly.

As time went on, man began to collect materials that, when burned, give more light. Splinters of certain types of trees were inserted into the walls and burned slowly. Pine branches were used as torches.

Animal fat was placed in round stone bowls, and moss or other materials served as a wick. These were the first oil lamps. When exactly this happened, we do not know, as it was in a time not marked by history.

The first candles were made from melted animal fat poured into molds such as empty bamboo. In the center, the fiber was pulled through so that when the fat cooled, there was a wick inside. This is how candles were created in times long forgotten. Pig fat was used in such lamps in New England until 1820. Then they began to receive whale oil for lamps. In general, any fat was used that was easiest to obtain.

There are many olive trees in the Mediterranean. Olive oil was also good for lamps. The Japanese and Chinese obtained oil for lamps from the nuts of various trees. Today, a peanut could be used for this, if oil had not been discovered in the bowels of the Earth. Oil was discovered in 1859. It is heated in closed vessels, and a colorless product called "kerosene" is obtained. It became the most usable for lamps. At first, kerosene was called "coal oil" because people thought oil was related to coal. Do you have a kerosene lamp at home? Many have one to use when there is no electricity in the event of an accident.

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Children love revenge. 19.09.2019

It is natural for us to repay good for good and return evil for evil - or, if we do not, then at least we know that this is the norm of social life. And although personal revenge and vindictiveness in general are not considered very plausible things, revenge is nevertheless treated with understanding. (Fortunately, world culture is full of examples when a noble hero, with whom it is easy for the reader/viewer to associate, takes revenge on someone for something, and we sympathize with him in every possible way.)

But how do ideas develop in a person that one should be grateful for good and that one should punish evil - if necessary, then punish personally? Researchers at Boston University and the University of California, Irvine set up a psychological experiment with 330 children aged 4 to 8 who were asked to play a computer game with four other players. The child saw his partners in the form of avatars on the monitor screen, which were actually controlled by the experimenters.

At first, according to the rules of the game, four other players had stickers, but the child did not, and one of the four could either give the child his only sticker, or keep it for himself. And so it happened - one of the virtual players gave his sticker to the child. Then the situation changed: now the child had a sticker, while the other four did not, and the child could freely decide to whom to give his (if, of course, he wanted to give it). But then there was the second part of the game, in which the player could steal someone else's sticker. And in the same way, first one of the virtual players stole a sticker from a child, and then the child did the same.

Children - even the smallest ones - diligently took revenge on their offenders, that is, when it was their turn to steal stickers, they stole them from those who stole them from them first. But with a sense of gratitude, everything was different: when it was necessary to give away their sticker, the children gave it with equal probability to other players, without showing any preference in relation to the one who gave them their sticker in the previous round of the game.

Children were generally good at remembering who gave them their stickers; and even when the experiment was repeated with children who were especially good at remembering their play partners, the results were the same.

Then the experiment was modified so that the children could express gratitude or take revenge completely at their own will - and they again tried to punish the offender and at the same time were rather indifferent to the opportunity to thank. Tried to "dress up" the avatars so they were the same color as the children's clothes - in case the children paid attention to who looked like them and who didn't. Children may have paid attention to this, but similarity/dissimilarity did not affect their desire to take revenge on the offender and indifference to the benefactor.

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