Why was Socrates sentenced to death? Detailed answer

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Why was Socrates sentenced to death? Detailed answer

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Why was Socrates sentenced to death?

Socrates (470-399 BC), one of the greatest ancient Greek philosophers, who became for subsequent generations the embodiment of the ideal of the sage, was sentenced to death by the Athenian authorities and took hemlock poison.

It all started with the fact that Melitus, who was known as a poet in Athens, accused Socrates of allegedly breaking the law, trying to explore what is under the earth and what is in heaven, "passing off lies for truth and teaching the same to others." Socrates was accused of violating piety, and of denying the gods recognized by the Athenians and introducing new ones, and even of accepting demonic signs. This was said publicly.

The hidden motive of the accusations was different: Socrates' clever, sharp and ironic statements undermined the Athenian slave-owning democracy. This proves the course of voting in court. When the judges first decided on the guilt of Socrates, only a small number of votes were cast against him. However, the second speech of Socrates - on the measure of punishment, full of mockery of the traditions of the Athenians and not expressing remorse - led the judges into indignation. Socrates was sentenced to death by an overwhelming majority.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are the causes of baldness?

There are many different causes of baldness. But in most cases, a person cannot control this process. There is no simple cure for baldness. People name various causes of baldness: aging, unusually high intellectual development, or, conversely, stupidity. But the real cause of baldness is that a person loses their hair!

Structural alopecia is the most common. Hair begins to fall out at the temples or at the crown. Baldness can also appear in other places. This is the most difficult type of hair loss. Nothing can be done about it, as it is a hereditary trait. The inheritance of structural baldness varies by gender. Baldness is more common in men than in women. Very often, women carry the gene that controls baldness and pass this trait on to their children. When this type of baldness shows up, the best thing for a person to do is get used to it!

In men, premature baldness can appear by the age of 25 or even earlier. One of the reasons for such baldness may be the lack of proper care of the scalp, keeping it clean, etc. An imbalance of sex hormones can lead to premature baldness. Taking care of your scalp right away can slow down this kind of hair loss.

Baldness is sometimes a symptom of an illness or other condition. Once health is restored, hair can grow back. Sudden hair loss can occur as a result of typhoid fever, scarlet fever, influenza, or other serious illnesses.

Permanent hair loss or thinning may also be due to malnutrition or dysfunction of the glands, especially the pituitary and thyroid glands. And, of course, baldness can occur due to disorders of the scalp itself, its damage or disease.

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Why was the wheel invented so late 08.03.2012

The wheel, this is the greatest invention of mankind after the fire, has been waiting for a long time "in the wings". It came into use around 3500 BC. The Bronze Age was in the yard, people learned how to create metal alloys, they knew how to dig channels, built sailing ships, invented complex musical instruments such as the harp, and the wheel was still unknown. David Anthony, an anthropologist at Hartwick College, USA, who has devoted himself to studying the history of the wheel, believes that the reason for this is technical complexity, which was not at all easy to overcome.

In order for the fixed axle structure with rotating wheels to function, the ends of the axle must be carefully machined to reduce friction, so that its surface at the points of contact with the wheel is as smooth as possible, and the cross-sectional shape approximates as closely as possible to a perfect circle. The axle should fit tightly into the wheel hub, but so that the wheel still turns freely. There were also problems with the axle thickness. It increased the friction inside the bushing, and the thin one was fragile and quickly broke. According to Anthony, people of the Bronze Age solved this problem by shortening the axle as much as possible, this increased its strength with a relatively small diameter. Therefore, the world's first carts were very narrow. However, in general, the sensitivity of the "wheel-axle" system did not allow it to be developed gradually, in steps, it was an "all-or-nothing" structure.

Whoever invented the wheel must have had access to broad planks of trees with broad trunks to bend them into rims; he needed tools to cut holes in wheels and machine axles; in addition, he must have had the need to transport heavy loads over the land. “Probably,” says Anthony, “the main obstacle to the invention of the wheel was the insufficient development of carpentry skills. And the first copper chisels and chisels first appeared in the world in the Middle East after 4000 BC.”

The wheel is such a thing that can be invented only once and only in one place, because an invention of this kind, having appeared once, will spread rapidly and will quickly reach all corners of the Earth. Therefore, historians still find it difficult to say exactly where it happened. They call Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), because the necessary copper tools first appeared there, but the first images of the wheel appeared in Eurasia, in the region of Poland or places close to it. Asko Parpola, a Finnish Indologist at the University of Helsinki, believes for linguistic reasons that the wheel was invented by the Trypillians, a primitive people who lived on the territory of modern Ukraine - the words "wheel" and "cart", according to him, have roots coming from the language of Trypillian culture .

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