Who was the first to use cryptography for correspondence? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to use cryptography for correspondence? Detailed answer

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Who was the first to use cryptography for correspondence?

The earliest documented use of cryptography for correspondence took place in Sparta around 400 BC. For secret correspondence between military leaders, the Spartans used the Scytala cipher device. It consisted of two cylinders of the same diameter. Each of the corresponding parties had one of these cylinders.

Encryption was carried out as follows: a narrow strip (tape) of parchment was wound (spirally) around the cylinder, and then the text that needed to be encrypted was written out on the tape along (along the generatrix) of the cylinder. After winding the tape, it was sent to the correspondent. He, wrapping tape around his top hat, read the message. It was assumed that the secrecy of correspondence is ensured by keeping the diameter of the cylinders secret. Instead of special cylinders, rods, spears, handles of swords, daggers, and so on were used.

The Athenians found a simple method for deciphering texts recorded using Scitala (the authorship of this method is attributed to Aristotle). It was enough to wrap a strip of intercepted parchment around a fairly long cone at its base, and then gradually move it to the top of the cone. Where the diameter of the cone coincided with the diameter of the "Scitala", the letters on the parchment were combined into syllables and words.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where is the snake's heart?

When we look at a snake, we see a long, slippery animal that has no legs, and it seems to us that the head is simply attached to a long tail. But between the head and tail is a large, complex torso. The snake has a spine, digestive system, liver and heart, muscles, glands and other organs that all vertebrates have.

The most amazing feature of the snake is the absence of legs. Another characteristic property is the absence of moving eyelids, which gives the snake's gaze a hypnotizing effect. Most snakes have one lung. Therefore, there is more room for other organs. But pythons and some other snakes have two lungs. On the outside of the head, snakes do not have ears. But they are very sensitive to the vibration of the earth. They also have other senses that replenish their hearing.

Most snakes see well. They notice prey more by movement than shape and color. Snakes have a well-developed sense of smell, they can distinguish well by the smell of animals suitable for food, enemies and each other. Snakes can collect particles from the air, earth and other objects and use special organs to determine the chemical composition of food and other objects.

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