A circuit that provides a sweep along the diagonal axis of any oscilloscope. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Radio amateur designer

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A scheme has been developed that makes it possible to obtain a diagonal deviation regardless of the existing vertical and horizontal deviation channels. As a result, using any oscilloscope, instead of the usual two-coordinate waveforms in the X-Y plane, you can get a truly three-dimensional image. The resulting XNUMXD display with X, Y, Z axes creates an amazing XNUMXD effect without any modification to the oscilloscope. The new device makes it possible to study three-parameter curves and three-frequency Lissajous figures, obtain three-dimensional images of signs, and can also be used in various visual indicators.

For diagonal deflection, the input diagonal deflection signal is simultaneously applied to the inputs of the vertical and horizontal deflection amplifiers. The result is the well-known Lissajous figure for common-mode signals, namely a 45° line. Op-amps A1 and A2 decouple the diagonal input from the vertical and horizontal inputs, and op-amps A3 and A4 add the diagonal components to the vertical and horizontal inputs, respectively. The gains of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 are regulated in a certain way, since the angle of inclination of the diagonal axis is directly proportional to their ratio. Adjustment of the three input circuits provides separate control of the sensitivity of all three channels.

Rice. 1 (click to enlarge)

Four operational amplifiers provide a diagonal beam deflection and create a depth effect on the screen of a conventional oscilloscope. Two amplifiers serve to decouple the diagonal deflection signal input from the vertical and horizontal deflection inputs, and the other two sum these signal components to control the beam deflection.

All four op amps should have identical characteristics and equal compensation circuits, especially when operating at high frequencies. Otherwise, for example, if the phase shifts in the two arms of the diagonal deviation channel are not equal, the diagonal line is converted to an ellipse. Obviously, the best way to achieve identical performance is to use a quad op-amp. Also, since the signal from the circuit is connected to the external input of the oscilloscope's horizontal amplifier, the signal from the internal horizontal generator (if required) must be connected from the oscilloscope's output jack to the new horizontal input.

Fig. 2

The XNUMXD display (top left) illustrates the three beam deflection planes: X-Y, YZ and X-Z. Top right shows a XNUMXD Lissajous figure in the form of a circle, below its XNUMXD image in the form of a cylinder. A square raster, when scanned diagonally, is converted into a cube (middle left). Two sinusoidal oscillations when scanned along the third coordinate (vertically) form two wavy surfaces in the X-Z and X-Y planes, respectively (middle right). Volumetric images of Lissajous figures of complex shape (below).

Literature

1. K. Lanz. Circuit adds diagonal axis to any scope, p. 126.

Author: N. Lanz; Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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