What explains the difference in the banks of rivers flowing in the direction of the meridian? Detailed answer

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What explains the difference in the banks of rivers flowing in the direction of the meridian? Detailed answer

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What explains the difference in the banks of rivers flowing in the direction of the meridian?

Rivers flowing in the direction of the meridian in the Northern Hemisphere wash away the right banks, and in the Southern - the left. This phenomenon was first explained in 1857 by the Russian naturalist Karl Maksimovich Baer (1792-1876). By the way, in his main specialty, he was not a physicist, but a biologist (he is considered the founder of embryology.)

Beer's law explains the erosion of river banks by the influence of the daily rotation of the Earth, as a result of which Coriolis acceleration acts on the particles of river water, directed to the right in relation to the speed of movement in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Since the corresponding banks prevent the flow from diverting, the river washes them away. At the equator, the Coriolis acceleration is zero, and its greatest value is at the poles, so Baer's law has a stronger effect in middle and high latitudes.

The action of the law is directly proportional to the mass of moving water and is clearly visible only in the valleys of large rivers, almost not showing up on small rivers. An example confirming Baer's law is the structure of the banks of the Dnieper, Don, Volga, Ob, Irtysh and Lena rivers.

The Danube and the Nile also have a high right bank and a low left bank for most of their course. In the Southern Hemisphere, there are rivers with steep left banks in New Zealand and South America.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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