What deeds immortalized Magdeburg burgomaster Otto von Guericke? Detailed answer

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What deeds immortalized Magdeburg burgomaster Otto von Guericke? Detailed answer

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What deeds immortalized Magdeburg burgomaster Otto von Guericke?

The name of Otto von Guericke (1602-1686), who was elected mayor of the German city of Magdeburg in 1646, would have long since sunk into oblivion if not for his passion for physics.

Guericke was an inventive experimenter and, having learned about the discovery of Torricelli in 1650, he was eager to see for himself the possibility of the formation of a void. For this purpose, he filled a wine barrel with water, connected a pump to it and tried to pump out the liquid. As soon as the pumping started, the rims cracked. The experience with a more durable barrel ended the same. Guericke carried out the third experiment already with a copper vessel. The piston gradually pulled out of the pump went at first easily, then more and more difficult, and then, according to Guericke himself, "suddenly, to everyone's horror, the ball shattered into small pieces with a terrible noise, as if it had been dropped from the highest tower."

The result of this experiment was not only confirmation of the existence of a vacuum discovered by Torricelli, but also the invention of an air pump. Guericke's predilection for theatricality prompted him to the famous experiment with the "Magdeburg hemispheres", held in 1654 in Regensburg in the presence of the emperor and the princes. After these two metal hemispheres were tightly applied to each other and air was pumped out of the resulting ball, they could not be separated even by 16 horses pulling in opposite directions.

Having clearly demonstrated the existence of air pressure, Guericke in a number of other experiments established the elasticity and weight of air, its ability to support combustion, conduct sound, and the presence of water vapor in the air.

Erike created one of the first electric machines - a rotating ball of sulfur, rubbed with hands, and discovered the phenomenon of electric repulsion, as well as electric glow. He was the first (in 1660) to build a water barometer and use it to predict the weather.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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