Bioenergetics. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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As a rule, this term refers to the activity of bacteria that process organic waste. At the end of our short study, we will try to dispel such a narrow understanding of a broad topic.

Although the fermentation process requires heat (+5...+56°C), it is used in countries with far from hot climates. Here, for example, is the secret of the mixture for a bioreactor from the Finnish company Pellontal: "... Pig and cow dung, wet bedding from mink farms. Some rotten sawdust, old paper and fallen leaves are added.

Be sure to introduce a small dose of chicken manure (nitrogen seed to feed the bacteria)". Such a mixture itself begins to decompose and release methane, without breeding bacteria. The gas is used for heating and for the operation of diesel engines, in which a cubic meter of biogas replaces 0,7 liters of diesel fuel. The residue after process is an excellent fertilizer that improves soil structure [1].

Excellent equipment for experimental research in bioenergetics (bioreactor and wet gas tank) is obtained from disposable bottles of different capacities and parts of a medical dropper (Fig. 1).

To speed up the start of the process, it is advantageous to heat the raw material (each additional 10 ° doubles the gas output) and mix (shake).

If uncultivated bacteria are used, which are contained in the raw material itself, the generation is sluggish for the first two to three weeks, therefore, for uninterrupted gas supply, two (three abroad) containers (barrels, tanks, tanks) are used, which are filled alternately. It is best to place such containers in the pigsty (under the pigsty).

Biological raw materials can be mixed by rocking the container, heating from below (using the same biogas), manual [2] or automatic mixers. Owners of small bioreactors do this just before turning on the gas stove. In addition to batch generators, there are also continuous process devices [2].

In some cases, it is required to purify the gas from the admixture of carbon dioxide CO2. In scientific and technical samizdat, you can find a device for the dynamic separation of substances of different weights and (or) temperatures, the so-called vortex hole or vortex tube (Fig. 2).

But even with carbon dioxide impurities, biogas has a good calorific value (5500-6000 kcal/m3, for domestic gas 7000 kcal/m3), and it can be used in internal combustion engines.

Bacteria respond to a love relationship with "trying hard." This is where creativity is needed. And do not be squeamish - after all, bacteria work for you, for your garden, for your good. Fertilizer from a bioreactor is indeed more efficient than "crude" fertilizer by at least 1,5...2 times, and even more with strong hydrocarbon depletion (successful gas generation).

In addition to biogas, you can use other heating methods that are simpler. We do this by putting on clothes and stopping the loss of heat generated by our own body. Once upon a time, pets were kept right in the house, behind a partition. It was warmer that way. Today, the owners use an unsurpassed heat generator - a pig - to heat the barn. Simply amazing - so much heat and no firewood, coal, gas and electricity!

In early spring, gardeners "heat" greenhouses with an unusual biofuel - horse manure. Being oxidized, the manure is heated up to 70°C (cow manure only up to 45°C) and "burns" for 50-60 days (cow manure 35-40 days) [3]. Better than horse manure is only cow garbage: food waste, paper, cellophane (not to be confused with polyethylene!). Household waste, both in its pure form and with impurities of horse manure, provides a more uniform and prolonged "burning" and a 23 ° C higher temperature than horse manure. In general, fermentation experimenters have already reached temperatures of 90°C!

Of course, bioenergy is not only the activity of microorganisms. It covers the use of animals, flora and more. The main thing is that bioenergy allows us to stop further depletion of irreplaceable natural resources and calls to life the forgotten old ways of obtaining and saving energy.

References:

1. Mink and bioreactor//Technology and science. -1983. -#7. P.24.
2. Zach P. Once again about biogas//Model designer. -1988. -#5. -p.11.
3. Matienko L.O. Greenhouses on the garden plot//House, garden, city. -1996. -#2. -p.8.

Author: Yu.Borodaty

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