What is DNA? Detailed answer

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What is DNA? Detailed answer

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What is DNA?

The abbreviation DNA is commonly used to designate deoxyribonucleic acid - a high-polymer natural compound contained in the cells of living organisms, which, together with histone proteins, forms the substance of chromosomes. DNA is the carrier of genetic information, its individual sections correspond to certain genes.

The DNA molecule consists of two polynucleotide chains twisted one around the other into a helix. These chains are built from a large number of four types of monomers - nucleotides, the specificity of which is determined by one of the four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine).

The combinations of three adjacent nucleotides in the DNA chain (triplets, or codons) make up the genetic code. Violations of the nucleotide sequence in the DNA chain lead to hereditary changes in the body - mutations.

DNA is accurately reproduced during cell division, which ensures the transmission of hereditary traits and specific forms of metabolism in a number of generations of cells and organisms.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

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