How are stars born? Detailed answer

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How are stars born? Detailed answer

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How are stars born?

Stars are born from matter that was formed as a result of a long process of condensation of gas and dust clouds in interstellar space.

The inhomogeneity of the distribution of matter in such gas-dust clouds leads to the appearance of areas of increased density. In them, the forces of gravitational attraction of particles exceed the gas pressure, as a result of which the substance in such gas-dust clumps is compressed, increasing the density and temperature.

Compaction of gas-dust clumps is also facilitated by shock waves generated, for example, by supernova explosions. Under the influence of gravity, such a bunch of matter continues to condense, part of the gravitational energy released during compression goes to heating, and the so-called protostar is formed.

It continues to slowly shrink and heat up until the temperature in its central region reaches several million degrees and a thermonuclear reaction of hydrogen fusion into helium begins, accompanied by the release of a small fraction of intranuclear energy. From that moment on, in the central part of the star, where a temperature of tens of millions of kelvins dominates, energy is generated that supports the radiation of the star for millions (the most massive hot stars) and even billions (stars like the Sun) of years.

Star formation occurs in groups consisting of tens and hundreds of stars. The process of star formation is still going on.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are the rings of Saturn?

In 1610, the great Italian scientist Galileo Galilei, who first explored the sky with a telescope, discovered a strange feature of one of the planets of the solar system - Saturn. He saw some huge protrusions on the sides of Saturn. In 1655, Christian Huygens studied Saturn using a more powerful telescope. The picture that appeared before his eyes was so strange that he was simply afraid to tell anyone about what he saw! Therefore, he wrote down his observations in a diary using a special cipher. When later they were nevertheless read, they contained the following: "It is surrounded by a thin, flat ring, nowhere touching the planet itself, inclined to the ecliptic."

The rings of Saturn, which struck the first observers so strongly, are still one of the biggest mysteries of the solar system. As far as it is known, such a phenomenon does not exist anywhere else in the entire universe accessible to study. Of course, since the discovery made by Galileo, Saturn has been well studied by people. We know that it is the second largest planet in the solar system after Jupiter and the period of its revolution around the Sun is 29,5 years. She has 10 satellites revolving around her. The surface of the planet is hidden under an atmosphere impenetrable to telescopes. Perhaps the crust of the planet consists of minerals of various metals.

However, the main feature of Saturn is these mysterious rings. The three main rings lie in the same plane, coinciding with the plane of the planet's equator. The outer diameter of the rings is approximately 270 km. The brightest is the middle of the rings. It is separated from the outer one by a gap 000 km wide. The inner ring appears very dull.

In addition to these three, with the help of equipment installed on space satellites, several more outer, barely visible rings and one inner one, located almost at the level of clouds floating in the atmosphere of Saturn, were discovered. Saturn's rings are not solid formations, but are made up of ice-covered rock fragments that orbit the planet like small moons. Perhaps they are fragments of a satellite, which for some reason never became a single whole.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What is oceanography?

▪ Who discovered Greenland?

▪ What microbes have become the official symbols of the US states?

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Random news from the Archive

Superdiode MAX40203 25.03.2020

When developing devices in which the main power can be duplicated by a battery, it becomes necessary to limit the flow of reverse currents. The simplest and most common solution to this problem is to install a diode. The disadvantages of this solution are the voltage drop across the diode (usually 0,6 V at the pn junction of the diode, or 0,2 V in the case of a Schottky diode) and a reverse current of tens or even hundreds of milliamps. All this leads to a decrease in the battery life of the device and to its premature failure.

To solve this problem, Maxim Integrated has developed a unique solution. This is the ideal MAX40203 diode from the NanoPower line. The voltage drop across it is between 14 mV and 100 mV, and the leakage current is only 70 nA.

Another feature of an ideal diode is the presence of an EN terminal. When not powered, the MAX40203 completely blocks up to 6V in both directions.

It is important to note the presence of protection against short circuits. During a power surge or short circuit, the diode current is limited to 2A. The MAX40203 also protects itself and its downstream circuits from overcurrent using an overtemperature protection circuit.

Key features:

supply voltage 1,2...5,5 V;
direct current up to 1 A;
own consumption current 300 nA;
voltage drop below 100 mV (depending on load);
reverse current 70 nA;
package 4-WLP and SOT23-5.

To evaluate the benefits of this solution, developers are offered the MAX40203EVKIT development board with two ideal diodes.

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