Charging batteries with asymmetric current. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Batteries, chargers
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Significantly better battery performance can be achieved if they are charged with an asymmetric volume. A diagram of a charging device that implements this principle is shown in the figure.
With a positive half-cycle of the input AC voltage, the current flows through the elements VD1, R1 and is stabilized by the diode VD2. Part of the stabilized voltage through a variable resistor R3 is fed to the base of the transistor VT2. Transistors VT2 and VT4 of the lower arm of the device work as a current generator, the value of which depends on the resistance of the resistor R4 and the voltage based on VT2. The charging current in the battery circuit flows through the elements VD3, SA1.1, PA1, SA1.2, the battery, the collector drop of the transistor VT4, R4.
With a negative half-cycle of alternating voltage on the VD1 diode, the operation of the device is similar, but the upper arm works - VD1 stabilizes the negative voltage, which regulates the current flowing through the battery in reverse voltage (discharge current).
The RA1 milliammeter shown in the diagram is used during the initial setup, later it can be turned off by moving the switch to another position.
This charger has the following advantages: 1. Charging and discharging current can be adjusted independently. Therefore, in this device it is possible to use batteries with different energy intensity. 2. In case of any loss of AC voltage, each of the arms closes and current does not flow through the battery, which protects the battery from spontaneous discharge.
In this device, from domestic elements, it can be used as VD1 and VD2 - KC133A, VT1 and VT2 - KT315B or KT503B. The remaining elements are selected depending on the charging current. If it does not exceed 100 mA, then KG3 or KT4 with any letter indices should be used as transistors VT815 and VT807 (placed on a heat sink with a heat-dissipating surface area of 5 ... 15 sq. cm), and as diodes VD3 and VD4 - D226 , KD105 also with any letter indices.
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