Top in technology. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Top in technology. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Yula, or children's spinning top, is a very exciting toy. For many centuries, the top did not find a practical application. Now tops of a special design (gyroscopes) are the most important part of a number of instruments for aviation, navy, and artillery. The most important role in the development of the theory and practice of using the gyroscope belongs to Russian scientists - S. Kovalevskaya, N. Zhukovsky, A. Krylov, S. Chaplygin and others.

Tops can be completely different from each other. However, they all have, as established from experience, important properties.

Try to set the top vertically. You will not be able to do this - he will immediately fall on his side. And give the top the fastest rotation - and it becomes stable. Even blows and clicks will not topple a spinning top. As soon as the rotation stops, the stability is broken.

This is one of the main properties of the top. The axis of a rapidly rotating top is stable and almost motionless in space. Do one more experiment confirming the constancy of the axis of rotation of the top.

Cut out a circle with a diameter of 150-200 mm from tin or cardboard. Make a small hole in the center of the circle. Pass the rope through the hole and tie a knot at the threaded end so that the rope does not jump out of the hole. Fasten the other end of the rope so that you can swing the circle like a wall clock pendulum.

Top in technology

Swing the resulting pendulum. The circle with the swing of the rope will hang haphazardly. Try to swing the circle around the rope strongly before swinging the pendulum - and you will see that the movement of the circle will now be different. Its axis will keep the direction constant.

The properties of a spinning top can be seen in experiments with a bicycle wheel. The front wheel of a bicycle is also a kind of top.

Take the wheel with both hands by the ends of the axle and, after spinning it strongly, try to lower or raise one of the ends of the axle. The wheel will resist this and, as it were, strive to escape from the hands:

Top in technology

Hang a spinning bicycle wheel, at one end of the axle, from a rope. To your surprise, it turns out that the other end of the axis, with a sufficiently fast rotation, will not fall under the influence of gravity, but will rotate in a horizontal plane:

Top in technology

You probably noticed that when the top is launched in an inclined position, it tries to level out, to assume a vertical position. In this case, its axis describes cone-shaped movements. This is due to the fact that a number of forces act on the top: friction on the table, air resistance, and its own weight. They all want to take him down. They are resisted by a rotating top.

The globe can be compared to a giant top rotating around an imaginary axis passing through its poles. Projectiles and bullets are stable in flight because they receive a rapid rotation in the helical part of the gun or rifle barrel.

The property of a rotating top to maintain the constancy of the direction of the axis, the resistance to any effort to change this direction, and other properties, man has been able to apply in a number of useful devices. Such tops, or gyroscopes, receive rotation from an electric motor and control complex devices. Their sizes are also very large. The gyroscope, the stabilizer for the cruiser, has a diameter of 4 m, weight - over 75 tons and rotates at a speed of 800 revolutions per minute. And this is still a relatively small gyroscope. Larger ships use larger ones.

We recommend interesting experiments in physics:

▪ Experiments with the outer part of the flame

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▪ Vane

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German engineers have created a camera with a thickness of 400 microns. What if we put more than one lens into the camera, as in the human eye, but copy the structure of the insect eye and use many small lenses?

Thinking this way, the staff of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering created a faceted camera with a thickness of only 400 microns. Each photosensitive element is equipped with its own microlens.

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