Barometer. Fun physical experience at home

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Barometer. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

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This is the name of a device for measuring air pressure. The first barometer was made by the Italian scientist Torricelli in 1643. It was a tube of mercury, sealed at one end and overturned into a vessel. The air pressed on the mercury in the vessel and prevented it from flowing out of the tube. But the tube was long, and therefore some of the mercury still leaked out. The level of mercury in the tube was set at a height of about 76 cm, and there was an empty space above.

Barometer

Now there are more convenient barometers, the so-called aneroids. There is no mercury in the aneroid, but there is a small jar made of very thin tin. Air is pumped out of the jar and the hole is sealed. Outside air presses on the bottom of the jar and bends it. The more pressure, the more deflection. And the movement of the bottom is transmitted to the arrow. She walks on a scale and shows what the atmospheric pressure is now. The scale is still graduated in centimeters of mercury, because everyone is used to it.

The barometer predicts the weather fairly accurately. If the "barometer falls" - the pressure drops, there will be a storm. On the scale of the aneroid on the left it says: "Storm". If the barometer is "high", the weather will be clear.

True, the entire middle of the aneroid scale is occupied by the mysterious word "variably." Anything can happen here: rain, snow, and a clear sun. Because the weather depends not only on pressure, but also on wind, and on air humidity, and on many other reasons.

If you can get an aneroid, make an interesting experiment with it. Go outside with him, and if possible, go down to the basement. Note the pointer exactly. This is easy to do: there is usually a second arrow in the aneroid, the control one. It is set by hand, then to notice whether the pressure rises or falls.

So, combine the control arrow with the working one, and then climb along with the aneroid to the top floor, to the attic, or climb some hill. You will notice that there is less pressure at the top than at the bottom! For every 10 m it rises, it drops by about 1 mmHg. This is how it should be: after all, there is less air above a high place, it does not press so hard!

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

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