How walkers walk. Fun physical experience at home

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How walkers walk. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Why is a pendulum used in clocks at all? There after all there are no little men - lovers to swing. But it's not all about the people here. Investigating the movement of swaying bodies, physicists have found out a very important thing. It turned out that the time it takes for the body to swing to the right - to the left and return to its previous position always remains constant. Each oscillation - the second, the tenth, and the hundredth - takes exactly the same amount of time as the first took. That is why the pendulum was adapted to the clock. He controls them.

If you have clocks in your house, you can consider how they are arranged. Just don't take them apart. You will hardly be able to assemble even such a simple watch.

How Walkers Walk

The hodiki is set in motion by a descending weight. The chain on which this weight hangs is thrown over a drum mounted on the main axle. From the main axis, the movement is transmitted through gears to the minute and hour hands.

If there was nothing else in the clock mechanism, then the weight would quickly go down and the arrows would spin like squirrels in a wheel. Vzh-zh-zh... Done! The weight dropped to the full length of the chain, and all movement stopped!

It is clear that no one needs a watch that runs through the whole day in a few seconds and stops right there. The clock must be slowed down. To do this, the walkers are equipped with a running wheel and a bracket with a pendulum. A pendulum is a weight hanging on a long stick. Push him and he'll go swinging. Tick-tock, tick-tock, left and right.

Together with the pendulum, the bracket in which it is threaded also swings. The two shoulders of this bracket alternately fall between the teeth of the travel wheel. The pendulum swung to the right - the left shoulder of the bracket got stuck in the wheel and stopped it. He swayed to the left - the shoulder rose, the wheel let go. But only the wheel slipped one tooth - the right shoulder stops it again. The pendulum swung again to the right - again it missed one tooth of the running wheel. The wheel turned a little, and behind it the whole clockwork mechanism took the next step. But then the shoulder of the brace again stops the wheel.

This is how the walkers go: tick-tock, tick-tock, step by step. The pendulum does not allow you to go fast, it always "puts spokes in the wheels."

But you already know that the period of oscillation of the pendulum is always the same. This means that each step of the walkers takes the same time! So the pendulum regulates the course of the clock, makes it accurate.

Approximately the same is arranged pocket and wrist watches. Only instead of a weight they have a spring, and instead of a pendulum, a wheel-balancer connected to a "hair" - a thin spiral spring. The spiral either twists or develops: tick-tock, tick-tock... Such vibrations are called torsional. Their period is also unchanged, and the clock is accurate.

Author: Galpershtein L.Ya.

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