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Double layer lens. Physical experiments
Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children
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Different transparent substances refract light rays in different ways. You have just met with a cylindrical lens in which light rays are refracted by water. Let's turn it into a two-story lens. There will be two different refractive substances in it, and therefore they will increase in different ways.
On the surface of the water in a glass, pour a layer of castor oil (if not, pure vegetable oil) one centimeter thick. Light the glass well. Take a needle and poke a layer of oil in the center of the glass. After passing through the oil, the needle should enter the water by about one centimeter. On the side you can see one solid needle, but ... consisting of parts of different thicknesses: the lower part of the needle - the one in the water - has become thicker than the top one, which you hold with your fingers, and the middle one, which is in oil, is the thickest.
But move the needle a little - to the left or right to the glass wall - and it suddenly "breaks up" into three parts: the upper one is clamped in your fingers, the lower part of the needle, which is in the water, has moved slightly relative to the upper one to the edge of the glass, but the middle one is completely " left "to its edge ...
Keep moving the needle. It can be seen that the middle part moves fastest of all, then the lower part, and finally, the slowest of all, the upper part of the needle, which is in the air. The needle "split" into three parts (of course, only in the optical sense). If it is returned to the central part of the glass or removed from it, it will again become whole.
Why is everything so? But the fact is that in the air the refraction of the rays coming from the needle does not occur; in oil and water, due to the refraction of light in these substances, we see the individual parts of the needle, as if not where they actually are (see figure).
In water, this displacement is less than in oil, because the refractive property of water is less.
Author: Rabiza F.V.
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