Belena is black. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Belena is black. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

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Content

Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Bleached black

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Henbane (Hyoscyamus)

Family: Solanaceae (Solanaceae)

Origin: Eurasia and North Africa

Area: Black henbane grows in Europe, Asia and Africa in arid places, on sandy and stony soils, in wastelands and forest edges.

Chemical composition: The main active ingredients of the plant are the alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which have anticholinergic properties. Also contains atropine and hyoscine.

Economic value: Black henbane is used in medicine as an analgesic and sedative. It is also used as an ingredient in the production of tobacco and narcotics. However, the use of henbane can cause serious poisoning, so its use should be strictly controlled and medical.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In mythology and legends, black henbane has been associated with magic, witchcraft and darkness. In Greek mythology, she was associated with the goddess of magic and witches, Kirkei, who used the plant in her potions. In medieval Europe, it was used to create "flying ointments" and "love potions" that were said to induce hallucinations and altered consciousness. Symbolically, black henbane was associated with darkness, death and danger. Its leaves and flowers were often used in rituals and rituals associated with magic and sorcery. It has also been associated with delusion, illusion, and deceit, which is reflected in its name in various languages (for example, in English, "henbane" sounds like "hen-bane", which can be translated as "chicken poison").

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger. Description, illustrations of the plant

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger L. Botanical description, range and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry

Bleached black

Synonyms besivo, rabies, fading, throats, dope-grass, night blindness, German, dope, dog poppy, etc.

Biennial plant of the nightshade family (Solanaceae).

In the first year it forms a rosette of basal large ovate or oblong leaves. In the second year, a branched stem 20-115 cm high grows. Stem leaves are oblong-ovate, pinnately incised, soft, covered with sticky whitish glandular hairs, with an unpleasant intoxicating odor. Bracts oblong, almost entire.

The flowers are quite large, with a funnel-shaped dirty yellowish corolla 2-4,5 cm long and a bell-shaped calyx.

The fruit is a pitcher-shaped box 21-32 mm long, opening at the top with a lid, enclosed in a hardened calyx with teeth splayed at the top.

Seeds are fine-meshed, brownish-grayish in color.

Blossoms from the second half of May to August, bears fruit in June-August.

Bleached black

Range and habitats. The natural range is very large, including northern Africa (from Algeria to Tunisia), temperate and tropical zones of Asia (Asia Minor, Central Asia, Western Asia, China, the Indian subcontinent), the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, almost all of Europe (from southern Sweden to Corsica) .

The plant is introduced and runs wild in North America and Australia.

Refers to ruderal weeds, grows in abandoned places, near roads and housing, in fallows and fields.

Introduced into culture. Cultivated in specialized farms.

Chemical composition. The roots of the plant contain alkaloids in the amount of 0,15-0,18%, in the leaves - up to 0,1%, stems - about 0,02%, seeds - 0,06-0,1%. Among the alkaloids are hyoscyamine, atropine, scopolamine. It also contains hyoscipicrin, hyoscerin and hyoscyrosine. The maximum amount of alkaloids in the leaves was found at the beginning of flowering.

Up to 34% light yellow fatty oil was found in the seeds, which includes unsaturated acids (6,3%), linoleic (71,3%) and oleic acids (22,4%).

Bleached black

Application in medicine. Black henbane alkaloids have an atropine-like effect, that is, they have an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscles, dilate pupils, increase intraocular pressure, cause accommodation paralysis, suppress the secretion of the glandular apparatus, and increase heart contractions.

The effect of henbane alkaloids on the central nervous system is different: hyoscyamine increases the excitability of the nervous system, and scopolamine lowers it.

Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Attention! Black henbane is a poisonous plant and can cause serious side effects, including dizziness, vomiting, hallucinations, and even death. Therefore, in folk medicine and cosmetology, the plant is not used.

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) is a biennial plant that is usually grown as an annual.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing black henbane:

Cultivation:

Black henbane can be grown both outdoors and in pots. The plant prefers sunny or semi-shady places with fertile, well-drained soil.
Seeds should be sown in spring or autumn. The seeding depth should be about 1 cm. Plants should be planted at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other.
When growing in pots, deep and wide containers should be chosen.
The plant needs regular watering, especially in hot weather.
During the growing season, the plants should be fed regularly with fertilizers for flowering plants.
After flowering, wilted flowers can be removed to promote the formation of new flowers.

Workpiece:

For medicinal purposes, leaves, roots and seeds of black henbane are used. The leaves are harvested during the flowering period, and the roots and seeds - in the autumn.
The collected material should be dried in the shade or in a ventilated place, avoiding direct sunlight.

Storage:

Dry leaves, roots and seeds can be stored in well-closed glass or plastic containers in a cool, dry and dark place for up to 2 years.
The storage of henbane in metal containers should be avoided as they can cause oxidation and deterioration of the plant material.

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