Intrashop switchgears and transformer substations

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician

Section 4. Switchgears and substations

Switchgears and substations with voltages above 1 kV. Intrashop switchgears and transformer substations

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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4.2.114. The requirements given in 4.2.115 - 4.2.121 take into account the features of in-shop switchgears and substations with voltage up to 35 kV of industrial enterprises, which must also meet other requirements of this chapter to the extent that they are not changed.

Switchgear and substations, special electrical installations of industrial enterprises, including those in explosive and fire hazardous areas, electrothermal installations must also meet the requirements of the relevant chapters of Sec. 7.

4.2.115. Intrashop switchgears and substations with oil-filled equipment can be located on the first and second floors in the main and auxiliary premises of production, which, according to fire safety requirements, are classified as category D or D of I or II degree of fire resistance, both openly and in separate rooms (see also 4.2.118. 4.2.119 and XNUMX).

Switchgears and substations without oil-filled equipment can be located in rooms with category B production facilities in accordance with fire safety requirements.

Dry, non-combustible environmentally friendly dielectric or oil transformers can be installed on the substation.

In justified cases, it is allowed in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance to provide for the roll-out of dry transformers, transformers with a non-combustible dielectric, as well as oil transformers with an oil mass of not more than 6,5 tons, provided that the transformers are rolled out and transported to the gates of the enterprise’s workshop not through explosive or fire hazardous areas.

4.2.116. Under each transformer and apparatus with a mass of oil or liquid dielectric of 60 kg or more, an oil receiver must be arranged in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.103, clause 3, as for transformers and apparatus with an oil mass of more than 600 kg.

4.2.117. The enclosing structures of the premises of the substation and closed chambers with oil transformers and devices, as well as switchgear with oil circuit breakers with an oil mass in one pole (tank) of 60 kg or more, must have a fire resistance of at least 0,75 h, and the premises and chambers themselves can be attached or built into a building of I or II degree of fire resistance.

Building structures of switchgear rooms with oil circuit breakers in one pole (tank) of less than 60 kg must have a fire resistance limit of at least 0,25 hours. Such rooms are allowed to be attached or built into buildings of fire resistance I and II. Such rooms may be attached or built into buildings of fire resistance class IIIa if these rooms have direct access to the outside and if the outer walls of this room are made of non-combustible material to a height of 4 m or up to the covering of the building or are separated by a non-combustible canopy protruding beyond the plane of the wall by at least 1m.

The enclosing structures of the premises of the substation with dry-type transformers or with non-combustible dielectrics must have a fire resistance limit of at least 0,25 hours, and the premises themselves are attached or built into buildings of a fire resistance degree of at least IIIa.

4.2.118. Intra-shop, attached and built-in substations, including PTS, installed in a separate room or openly in a production room, must meet the following requirements:

a) Substations (including PTS) with oil transformers and closed chambers with oil transformers are allowed to be installed only on the first floor of the main and auxiliary premises of industries classified as D and D, in buildings of I or II degree of fire resistance. At the same time, it is allowed to install oil transformers with a total oil mass of not more than 6,5 tons in one room, and oil transformers with a total oil mass of not more than 3,0 tons can be used at each openly installed PTS;

b) distances between separate rooms of different substations or between closed chambers of oil transformers are not standardized;

c) the enclosing structures of the premises of the intrashop or built-in substation, in which the KTP with oil transformers are installed, as well as the closed chambers of oil transformers, must be made of non-combustible materials and have a fire resistance limit of at least 0,75 h;

d) for substations with dry transformers or with non-combustible environmentally friendly dielectric, the unit or total power of transformers, their number, distances between them, distances between substations, installation floor are not limited.

4.2.119. The ventilation of substations located in separate rooms must meet the requirements of 4.2.104 - 4.2.106.

When ventilating the chambers of transformers and premises of the substation (KTP) located in industrial premises with a normal environment, it is allowed to take air directly from the workshop.

To ventilate transformer chambers and premises of substations (PTS) located in dusty premises or with air containing conductive or corrosive mixtures, the air must be taken from outside or cleaned by filters. The ventilation system must prevent the suction of untreated air from the production room.

In buildings with non-combustible ceilings, air exhaust from the chambers of transformers and premises of the substation (PTS) constructed inside the workshop is allowed directly to the workshop.

In buildings with low-combustible ceilings, air is removed from the chambers of transformers and the premises of the substation (PTS) built inside the workshop, should be carried out through exhaust shafts, brought out above the roof of the building by at least 1 m.

4.2.120. The floors of in-shop, built-in and attached substations should not be lower than the floor level of the shop.

4.2.121. KTP and KRU openly placed in the workshop must have mesh enclosing structures. Inside the fences, passages must be provided not less than those specified in 4.2.91.

As a rule, KTP and switchgear should be placed within the "dead zone" of the operation of shop lifting and transport mechanisms. When the substation and switchgear are located in close proximity to the ways of passage of intrashop transport, the movement of lifting and transport mechanisms, measures must be taken to protect the substation and switchgear from accidental damage (fenders, light signaling, etc.).

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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