What is cryptography? Detailed answer

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What is cryptography? Detailed answer

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What is cryptography?

Surely most of you have ever wanted to create a system for exchanging secret messages with each other. This happens frequently in children. Perhaps you agreed to use numbers instead of letters. Each number will correspond to a specific letter of the alphabet. Then you use this code. Cryptography is writing using a secret code. Sometimes the word "cipher" is used instead of the word "code". It is known that Julius Caesar used cipher to protect his secret messages from the enemy. Nowadays, ciphers and codes are widely used in both government and business secret correspondence.

There are basically two ways to encrypt. The first is based on the substitution of numbers, letters or other characters in the text. The other is reshuffling, out-of-order letters in a text message. Based on these two methods, you can create an infinite number of encryption options. The first is quite simple and is often used by children in their games.

The words "code", "encoding" suggest the use of special code tables when reading the encoded text, which are available to both the sender and the recipient of the letter. Codes, ciphers can be revealed by direct decryption methods, that is, by finding the key to them. However, this question is complex. The scientific method of reading cryptograms (secret messages) is at a high level of development and is called cryptanalysis.

A person reading cryptograms, as a rule, must determine in what language the secret text is composed. It is also necessary to establish how the text is classified: by coding or encryption. When revealing ciphers, codes, tables are needed that are often used in the language of letters, as well as much more.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What legend is associated with the choice of the length of the marathon distance in running?

According to legend, after the battle of Marathon, the Greek warrior Philippides ran to Athens to announce the victory of the Athenians over the Persians, and died from overexertion. And since the distance he covered was about 40 kilometers, it was this distance that they began to call the marathon. In fact, this legend has become a mixture of two different episodes. Philippides (according to other sources, Phidippides) ran a much greater distance in just a day - 225 kilometers from Athens to Sparta - to ask for military help. But the Athenians in the battle of Marathon eventually managed on their own, and then made a very fast forced march 40 kilometers to their city in order to prevent the other part of the Persian army sailing on the sea from there, and thereby consolidated their victory.

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