Electrothermal installations. Electrode boilers

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician

Section 3. Electrical installations for special purposes

Chapter 3.2. Electrothermal installations. Electrode boilers

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

Comments on the article

3.2.46. These requirements apply to electrode hot water and steam boilers, regardless of the operating pressure and temperature of heating water in them, powered by industrial frequency current sources with voltage up to and above 1000 V, intended for heating systems, hot water and steam supply for residential, domestic, public and industrial buildings, structures, industrial and agricultural installations.

3.2.47. Only electrode boilers manufactured in organizations that have the technical means to ensure that their quality meets the requirements of state standards or technical specifications agreed in the prescribed manner are allowed to be put into operation.

3.2.48. Electrode boilers and pipelines must be thermally insulated from a material with a low specific gravity and low thermal conductivity. The temperature of the outer surface of the insulation should not exceed 55 °C.

3.2.49. Electrode boilers must be installed in a separate room. Technological equipment and protection and automation devices can be located in the same room. Electrode boilers with voltage up to 1000 V can be installed in industrial premises together with other equipment. Drainage devices must be provided in the boiler room to ensure emergency and repair water discharge from the heating or hot water supply system.

3.2.50. In an electric boiler room with a voltage above 1000 V, a separate room for electrical personnel should be provided. In the same room, a telecontrol and telemetering console, as well as protection and automation devices, can be installed.

3.2.51. Based on the need to equalize the energy consumption graph, it is not allowed to operate electrode boilers in heating systems that do not have ballasts. Electrode boilers must be equipped with automation devices that turn them off in accordance with a given work schedule.

3.2.52. Electrode steam boilers with voltages above 1000 V are allowed to operate after they have been registered, checked and tested in the prescribed manner.

3.2.53. Electrode boilers can operate without constant personnel duty if there are automatic and remote control devices that ensure the normal operation of electrode boilers automatically or from the control panel, as well as with protection that ensures the boiler stops in case of violation of operating modes with a signal to the control panel. In this case, it must be possible to stop the boiler from the control panel.

3.2.54. Power regulation of electrode boilers under voltage is not allowed.

3.2.55. The electrode boiler must be switched off immediately when:

type="disc">

accident;

loss of voltage on remote and automatic control devices and on all instrumentation;

increasing the pressure in the boiler by 10% above the permitted one and continuing its growth;

stopping or reducing the flow of water through the boiler below the minimum allowable, as well as in other cases provided for by the production instruction.

The local production instructions should also indicate the procedure for eliminating the emergency condition and starting the electrode boilers.

3.2.56. For each boiler with a voltage above 1000 V installed in the boiler room, a log must be kept in which the date, type of repair, inspection results, information about replacement parts, data on emergencies, etc. are entered.

3.2.57. Inspection of electrode boilers with voltage up to 1000 V is carried out before each heating season, and with voltage above 1000 V - with a certain frequency established by the schedule, but at least once a month. Inspection is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the local production instructions approved by the consumer responsible for the electrical equipment.

The results of the inspection and measures to eliminate malfunctions are recorded in a log signed by the employee who conducted the inspection.

3.2.58. Scheduled preventive maintenance is carried out at intervals established for boilers with a voltage above 1000 V by a special schedule, but at least 1 time in 6 months. For boilers with voltage up to 1000 V, the need for scheduled preventive maintenance is determined by the technical manager of the Consumer or the organization conducting the repair.

3.2.59. Preventive tests and measurements on electrode boilers must be carried out in accordance with the standards for testing electrical equipment (Appendix 3).

See other articles Section Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE).

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Primium Seneca keyboard 05.05.2024

Keyboards are an integral part of our daily computer work. However, one of the main problems that users face is noise, especially in the case of premium models. But with the new Seneca keyboard from Norbauer & Co, that may change. Seneca is not just a keyboard, it is the result of five years of development work to create the ideal device. Every aspect of this keyboard, from acoustic properties to mechanical characteristics, has been carefully considered and balanced. One of the key features of Seneca is its silent stabilizers, which solve the noise problem common to many keyboards. In addition, the keyboard supports various key widths, making it convenient for any user. Although Seneca is not yet available for purchase, it is scheduled for release in late summer. Norbauer & Co's Seneca represents new standards in keyboard design. Her ... >>

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

The production of LED lamps is increasing 29.06.2013

According to Biing-Jye Lee, chairman of Epistar, Taiwan's leading LED chip manufacturer, global shipments of replacement LED light bulbs in 2013 could reach 600 million units, up from 200 million units in 2012. will give an increase of 300%.

“However, compared to annual shipments of 10 billion conventional lamps, the figure for the LED market segment is still low. But if growth of 300% continues in 2014, then the total production of LED lamps is likely to reach the level of 2 billion units. a year," Li said.

In addition, the price gap between the upgraded 40W LED replacement lamp and the energy saving lamp continues to narrow in 2013.

Li added that when the total supply of LED lamps reaches 1,8-2 billion pieces, it will require 300 sets of MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition) equipment to ensure output. "Adding demand for LED 'tubes' and specialty lighting products, it is possible that the overall lamp market could reach equilibrium in the second half of 2014 or 2015," Li said. Currently, the total capacity of MOCVD equipment is about 2300-2400 complexes.

Looking at sales in the market, Li added that 40-watt modified LED lamps are the main battlefield between manufacturing companies. According to Li, selling prices for 40-watt energy-saving lamps are about $1,2-1,3 per piece. - in comparison with the selling price of LED-lamps of the corresponding class of 2,5 USD/pc.

Although the price difference is large, compared with the energy-saving lamp, the lifespan of the LED lamp is 300% longer.

"The situation is different with 60W lamps," Li said. "The price of LED lamps rises significantly with the increase in the luminous flux emitted by companies, but the difference in the cost of energy-saving lamps of different wattages is only 10%. This means that the selling price between energy-saving lamps and LED - lamps of the corresponding class can be 400-500%. Therefore, many LED manufacturers are focusing on the production of 40-W lamps.

Other interesting news:

▪ Wormhole transport network

▪ cocaine vaccine

▪ Plasma accelerator for plants

▪ Solar panels LG NeON R and NeON R Prime

▪ Living synthetic cells created

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Funny puzzles. Article selection

▪ article There is a smell of thunder in the air. Popular expression

▪ article Which satellite overtakes its planet in its rotation around its own axis? Detailed answer

▪ article Kosmey. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Electronic ignition system for car heater (ZAZ). Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Stretched knot. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews