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Section 2. Electrical equipment and electrical installations for general purposes

Chapter 2.3. Overhead power lines and conductors

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

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2.3.1. This chapter applies to overhead lines with voltage (0,38 ¸ 220) kV and overhead conductors with voltage up to 35 kV inclusive of AC and DC, serviced by Consumers.

The rules do not apply to contact network lines, current ducts for electrolysis plants and other special overhead lines and structures, the arrangement and operation of which is determined by special rules and regulations.

2.3.2. All newly constructed and reconstructed overhead lines and conductors must be made in accordance with the rules for the installation of electrical installations and current building codes and regulations.

2.3.3. When coordinating technical documentation for newly designed (reconstructed) overhead lines and busducts, consumers must provide design organizations with data on the actual conditions in the area of ​​the designed overhead line, busduct (climatic conditions, the nature and intensity of pollution, etc.) and require these conditions to be taken into account in projects. The planned design solutions for new and reconstructed overhead lines (current conductors) connected to the external power supply network must be agreed with the power supply organization.

2.3.4. The consumer, to whom the commissioning of newly constructed overhead lines and bus ducts is subject, must organize technical supervision of the work, checking the compliance of the work performed with the approved technical documentation.

2.3.5. Acceptance for operation and admission of newly constructed overhead lines and current conductors must be carried out in accordance with building codes and rules and the established procedure for the admission to operation of new and reconstructed power plants, as well as the rules for accepting into operation completed construction of power transmission lines.

Before acceptance, the technical condition of the route, supports and other elements of the overhead line (current duct), grounding and lightning protection devices, sag and distances from wires and cables in spans and intersections to the ground and objects should be checked for compliance with the project.

When commissioning current conductors with a voltage above 1000 V, in addition to the documentation provided for by the rules for the installation of electrical installations and building codes and regulations, the following must be drawn up:

2.3.6. During the operation of overhead lines, the rules for the protection of electrical networks must be observed and their implementation monitored.

The consumer operating the overhead line must inform other Consumers, organizations located in the area where the overhead line passes, about the requirements of these Rules.

The consumer who owns the overhead line must take measures to suspend work in the security zone of the overhead line, performed in violation of the rules for the protection of electrical networks.

2.3.7. During the operation of overhead lines and conductors, maintenance and repair should be carried out to ensure their reliable operation.

During maintenance, work should be carried out to protect the elements of overhead lines and conductors from premature wear by eliminating damage and malfunctions identified during inspections, checks and measurements.

During the overhaul of overhead lines and current ducts, a set of measures should be taken to maintain or restore the original operational characteristics of overhead lines and current ducts as a whole or its individual elements by repairing parts and elements or replacing them with new ones that increase their reliability and improve performance.

Overhaul of overhead lines on reinforced concrete and metal supports should be carried out at least 1 time in 10 years, overhead lines on supports with wooden parts - at least 1 time in 5 years.

Overhaul of current conductors should be carried out as necessary by decision of the technical manager of the Consumer.

The list of works related to the maintenance and repair of overhead lines and conductors is established by standard operating instructions for overhead lines.

2.3.8. On the overhead line, periodic and extraordinary inspections should be organized.

Periodic inspections of overhead lines are carried out according to the schedule approved by the consumer responsible for the electrical equipment. The frequency of inspections of each overhead line along the entire length should be at least 1 time per year. Specific terms within the limits established by these Rules must be determined by the Consumer's person responsible for the electrical equipment, taking into account local operating conditions. In addition, at least once a year, administrative and technical personnel must conduct selective inspections of individual sections of lines, including all sections of overhead lines to be repaired.

Riding inspections with random checks of wires and cables in clamps and spacers on overhead lines with a voltage of 35 kV and above, operated for 20 years or more, or in their sections, and on overhead lines passing through zones of intense pollution, as well as in open areas, should be carried out at least once every 1 years; on the remaining overhead lines (sections) with a voltage of 5 kV and above - at least 35 time in 1 years.

On a 0,38 - 20 kV overhead line, riding inspections should be carried out if necessary.

2.3.9. Unscheduled inspections of overhead lines or their sections should be carried out when ice forms on the wires and cables, when dancing wires, during ice drift and river flooding, in case of fires in the overhead line route zone, after severe storms, hurricanes and other natural disasters, as well as after turning off the relay overhead line protection and unsuccessful automatic reclosing, and after a successful reclosing - as needed.

2.3.10. Periodic inspections of the conductors must be carried out according to the schedule approved by the Consumer's responsible for the electrical facilities, taking into account the local conditions of their operation.

2.3.11. When inspecting overhead lines and conductors, it is necessary to check:

2.3.12. Preventive checks and measurements on overhead lines and current conductors are carried out in the volumes and within the time limits stipulated by the electrical equipment testing standards (Appendix 3).

2.3.13. Malfunctions found during inspection of overhead lines and current conductors and in the course of preventive checks and measurements should be noted in the operational documentation (log or list of defects) and, depending on their nature, at the direction of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy, eliminated as soon as possible or during maintenance and repair.

Operational tolerances and rejection rates for parts of supports and other elements of overhead lines are given in the test standards for electrical equipment (Appendix 3).

2.3.14. Maintenance and repair work should be organized, as a rule, in a complex manner with a minimum duration of overhead line outage. They can be carried out with disconnection of the line, one phase (phase-by-phase repair) and without voltage removal. Work on overhead lines with the disconnection of one phase and without removing the voltage must be carried out according to special instructions.

2.3.15. During the maintenance and repair of overhead lines, special machines, mechanisms, vehicles, rigging, equipment, tools and fixtures should be used.

Crews performing work on overhead lines must be equipped with means of communication with the Consumer's executives and control centers.

2.3.16. Structural changes in the supports and other elements of overhead lines and current conductors, as well as the method of fixing the supports in the ground, can only be carried out if there is technical documentation (justification) and with the written permission of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy.

In all cases, the technical justification for design changes must comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents for the design of electrical installations (rules for the installation of electrical installations, building codes and rules, etc.).

2.3.17. The overhead line route must be periodically cleared of shrubs and trees and kept in a fire-safe condition; the width of clearings established by the project should be maintained and trees should be pruned.

Pruning of trees growing in close proximity to the wires is carried out by the Consumer operating the overhead line.

Trees that pose a threat of falling onto wires and poles must be cut down, followed by notification of the organization in charge of the plantings.

2.3.18. The anti-corrosion coating of non-galvanized metal poles and metal elements of reinforced concrete and wooden poles, as well as steel cables and wire braces must be restored by order of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy.

2.3.19. In sections of overhead lines and conductors subject to intense pollution, special or reinforced insulation should be used and, if necessary, cleaning (washing) of the insulation, replacement of contaminated insulators should be carried out.

In areas of intense insulation pollution by birds and in places of their mass nesting, devices should be used to prevent birds from landing above the garlands or to scare them away.

2.3.20. When operating an overhead line in the spans of the intersection of an existing overhead line with other overhead lines, no more than one connection is allowed on each wire or cable of an overhead line passing from above; in spans of intersection with communication and signaling lines and lines of radio broadcasting networks, connections are not allowed. The number of connections of wires and cables on overhead lines up to 1000 V, passing from below, is not regulated.

2.3.21. On overhead lines with voltages above 1000 V, subject to intense icing, ice should be melted with electric current.

The consumer operating the overhead line must control the process of icing on the overhead line and ensure the timely inclusion of ice melting circuits; Overhead lines on which ice is melted should, as a rule, be equipped with devices for automatic control and signaling of icing and the melting process, as well as short-circuiting switching devices.

The choice of the melting method is determined by the operating conditions of the overhead line (network diagram, consumer load, icing zone, the possibility of disconnecting lines, etc.).

2.3.22. The consumer operating the overhead line must keep in good condition:

2.3.23. The consumer operating the overhead line must monitor the serviceability of the markers installed at the intersections of the overhead line with highways, and the marker gates at the intersections of the overhead line with railway tracks, along which oversized cargo and cranes can move. Installation and maintenance of clearance gates and signs at intersections is carried out by organizations in charge of railways and highways.

2.3.24. In electrical networks 6 ¸ 35 kV with low earth fault currents, it is allowed to operate overhead lines with a grounded phase until the fault is eliminated; at the same time, the personnel are obliged to find the place of damage and eliminate it as soon as possible (see also clause 2.7.11).

2.3.25. When repairing overhead lines with high-frequency telemechanics and communication channels, in order to keep these channels in operation, portable ground barriers should be used for grounding.

2.3.26. To remotely determine the places of damage to overhead lines with a voltage of 110 - 220 kV, as well as places of phase-to-phase short circuits on overhead lines of 6 - 35 kV, special devices must be installed. On overhead lines with a voltage of 6 ¸ 35 kV with taps, indicators of the damaged area should be installed.

Consumers must be equipped with portable devices for determining ground faults on overhead lines 6 ¸ 35 kV.

2.3.27. In order to timely eliminate accidental damage on overhead lines, Consumers must keep an emergency stock of materials and parts in accordance with established standards.

2.3.28. Scheduled repairs and reconstruction of overhead lines passing through agricultural land should be carried out in agreement with land users.

Work to prevent violations in the operation of overhead lines and eliminate the consequences of such violations can be carried out at any time of the year without the consent of land users, but with notification of them about the ongoing work.

2.3.29. When jointly suspended on supports of wires of overhead lines and lines for other purposes belonging to other Consumers, scheduled repairs of overhead lines should be carried out within the terms agreed with these Consumers. In case of accidents, repair work must be carried out with the notification of these Consumers. The third-party Consumer carrying out work on the wires belonging to him is obliged to coordinate their conduct with the Consumer operating the overhead line no later than 3 days before the start of work.

2.3.30. The operation of overhead lines and current ducts must be carried out in accordance with local instructions, trained and authorized to service overhead lines by personnel.

See other articles Section Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE).

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