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Microphones inspired by insects

09.05.2023

What can an insect hear? Oddly enough, quite a lot. Although they are small and simple, their auditory systems are very effective. For example, with a membrane only 2 millimeters across, the Desert Locust can decompose frequencies comparable to human capabilities. By understanding how insects perceive sound and using 3D printing technology to create special materials, miniature microphones inspired by biotechnology can be designed.

Andrew Reid from the University of Strathclyde in the UK presented his work on microphones that can autonomously collect acoustic data with low power consumption. His presentation "Unnatural Hearing - 3D Printing of Functional Polymers as a Pathway to Biotechnology-Inspired Microphone Design" took place on Wednesday, May 10, as part of the 184th Acoustic Society of America meeting.

"Insect ears are ideal templates for reducing energy and data costs, reducing the size of sensors and eliminating data processing," Reid said.

Reid's team draws inspiration from insect ears in a variety of ways. At the chemical and structural levels, researchers are using 3D printing technology to fabricate special materials that mimic insect membranes. These synthetic membranes are highly sensitive and effective as acoustic sensors. Without 3D printing, traditional silicon microphones lack flexibility and customization.

"In the images, our microphone looks like any other microphone. The mechanical element is a simple diaphragm, perhaps a slightly unusual ellipsoid or rectangular shape," said Reid. "Interesting details occur at the microscale with small variations in thickness and porosity, and at the nanoscale with variations in material properties such as ductility and material density."

More than just material, the entire data collection process is inspired by biological systems. Unlike traditional microphones that collect a range of information, these microphones are designed to detect a specific signal. This simplified process is similar to how nerve endings detect and transmit signals. The specialization of the sensor allows it to quickly recognize triggers without consuming much power or requiring supervision.

Bio-based sensors, with their small size, self-contained function, and low power consumption, are ideal for hazardous or hard-to-reach applications, including locations embedded in structures or inside the human body.

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