Lead-acid batteries for a wide range of applications

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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This article introduces readers to sealed lead acid batteries and rechargeable batteries manufactured by YACHT BATTERY CO., LTD. They can operate both in cyclic (charge-discharge) and standby (buffer) modes.

The features that characterize this series of products include, firstly, that. that the electrolyte in them is not liquid, but gel-like, and the case is sealed. This allows you to operate the battery in any position, it does not need periodic replenishment of the electrolyte and other maintenance.

Secondly. high-performance lead-calcium alloy, from which the electrodes are made, ensures a long service life and a wide range of applications for batteries - they normally operate in a temperature range from -20 to +50 ° C.

The design and materials are selected so. that the batteries are not afraid of deep discharge, do not suffer from the so-called "memory effect", can be stored for a long time in a charged state (up to a year), while the self-discharge current is negligible.

All this determines the wide use of such batteries - various alarm systems, fire safety, emergency lighting, telecommunications and instrumentation, electronic scales and cash registers, household appliances (portable TVs, VCRs, vacuum cleaners, fans), electronic games, etc. ., etc. The most powerful batteries are very convenient for wheelchair electrified chairs, children's rollers. In addition, batteries can be used in uninterruptible power supplies for computers and office equipment, as well as power sources for any (both serial and home-made) electronic equipment.

The actual design of the battery is essentially traditional. The shock-resistant plastic case is divided into sections ("cans"). Sets of cathode and anode plates are separated by fiberglass spacers. The active part of the electrolyte composition is sulfuric acid.

The cover is hermetically connected to the body without the possibility of disassembly. In its upper part there are rubber bypass valves (one for each section), which ensure the release of gas in case of its excessive formation during operation, and tin-plated plate outlets.

The terminals are made of brass and structurally each is a counterpart of a specialized self-locking connector.

Bypass valves are closed with an additional removable cover.

The main parameters of the batteries under consideration are summarized in the table (the characteristics of a single battery are indicated in the first line). The nominal capacity is defined as the value of the current that leads to a complete discharge of the battery in 20 hours at a temperature of 20 "C. The maximum discharge current is understood to be the highest load current that the battery can provide for 5 s.

(click to enlarge)

The charging voltage is specified for cyclic and standby operation at an ambient temperature of 20°C. Next to each mode, a correction is indicated, which means how many millivolts it is necessary to reduce (in accordance with the sign of the correction) the charging voltage with an increase in temperature on the HS or, conversely, increase the voltage with a decrease in temperature.

On fig. 1-6 are sketch drawings of the battery case, and in fig. 7 - drawings of battery terminals. Batteries YP15-12, YP17-12. YP24-12 and YP38-12 pins correspond to fig. 7.6. the rest - fig. 7a.

The nomogram shown in fig. 8. allows you to select a battery with the required capacity, based on the required voltage, load current and operating time until the next charge.

Rice. 9 shows how the battery voltage changes depending on the discharge time at different discharge currents. Voltage Ua3 is indicated for three-section. i.e. six-volt batteries as the most used. The obtained voltage values ​​​​are easy to recalculate for other batteries by multiplying by a proportionality factor. For a single battery (2V) it is 1/3. for a four-volt battery - 2/3. for twelve-volt - 2.

The vertical sections of the curves correspond to complete discharge, when the voltage drops very quickly to a value close to zero.

The dependence of the battery capacity at various values ​​of the discharge current on the temperature of their case is shown in fig. 10. Discharging current in amperes here and in fig. 9 is expressed in terms of the nominal capacitance value in ampere-hours.

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