Bimetal thermostat. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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Bimetal - a material consisting of two firmly connected layers of dissimilar metals or alloys (for example, steel and aluminum, titanium and molybdenum, steel and brass). It is made mainly by simultaneous rolling or pressing of two dissimilar workpieces. Bimetals are used to save expensive and scarce metals (one of the layers in a pair) or to obtain a material that has a combination of the properties of both metals. Bimetals are used to increase the strength and heat resistance of structures, to reduce their weight.
The parent metals included in the pair have different coefficients of thermal expansion. Therefore, when heated (cooled), the linear dimensions of each bimetal layer change in different ways. As a result, the bimetal plate bends in an arc when heated and straightens again when cooled. This property is widely used in electrical engineering for thermostats that turn on and off an electric heating element when a predetermined heating temperature is reached. An ordinary and such a familiar electric iron also has a bimetallic heating temperature controller.
Bimetallic temperature controllers are used, for example, in thermostat chambers (devices for maintaining a given temperature), in automatic circuit breakers. When the current in the circuit exceeds a predetermined limit, its elements begin to heat up, and the bimetallic switch opens the circuit.
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