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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Perpetual motion machine already created?. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources The answer to the title question is known to any high school student, and the very idea of creating a perpetual motion machine has passed into the rank of fantastic, as it is associated with the presence of an eternal source of energy. No matter how paradoxical it may sound, I propose to move from fantastic projects to real products and consider the problem by introducing the concept of mobile power sources (MPS) technology based on solar panels (SB), and their application for mobile or portable electronic devices. Recently, there has been a steady trend in electronics to reduce the supply voltage of electronic devices. The large dimensions of the solar cells assembled from photoelectronic converters (PVCs) did not fit into the concept of mobility before the supply voltage was reduced and had a stationary appearance or played the role of a buffer support to the batteries. Reducing the supply voltage from 5 to 3 and even 1,5 V made it possible to create new designs of power supplies and use them as main power supplies. The nickel-lanthanum or nickel-metal hydride (Ni / MH) battery created by Stanford Ovchinski solved the problem of the “memory effect” during partial and non-cyclic recharging, which in traditional nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) is a kind of stumbling block when violation of their rules charging leads to a reduction in the shelf life, the danger of overcharging and failure. MIP differs from classical devices by the presence of a special design that allows it to be used in field conditions, having previously fixed it on a portable object or clothing (Fig. 1).
MIP based on SB VS809 is suitable for ensuring the operability of radio receivers with a supply voltage of 1,5 to 3 V and can serve as a charger for two batteries installed in clips or a box on the case with a capacity of up to 500 mAh. To increase the power of the MIP, which makes it possible to ensure the operability of a device such as a CD player, they are connected in parallel, which makes it possible to charge two batteries with a capacity of up to 1,5 A/h. At the same time, it is easy to calculate the economic effect of the MIP as a charger. The calculation depends on the resource of the batteries, which is up to 1000 charge cycles, given the absence of a network adapter that depends on the 220 V network. For electronic devices with power consumption up to 5 W / h, such as mobile phones, tape recorders, minicomputers, TVs, refrigerators, video cameras, an increase in the area of the solar cell and the number of batteries is required, since the supply voltage of these devices reaches 12 V. The use of matrices for installation in battery clips leads to a decrease in the dimensions of the structure in terms of thickness and allows the use of MIP in field conditions, installing it on portable objects (Fig. 2).
A separate niche in MIP technology is occupied by converter technology. Circuit solutions of step-up DC / DC converters allow you to solve the issue of obtaining the required voltages up to 5 V from one charged battery (Fig. 3).
Linear step-down DC/DC converters allow you to get any voltage from 12 V to power a mobile phone or digital circuits. The use of specialized microcircuits for battery chargers allows you to increase their resource, bringing it to maximum values, more productively processing voltage surges from solar panel shading and controlling the charge of an already charged battery (Fig. 4).
The latest achievements of the National Institute of Semiconductor Physics Problems (NIPFP), namely, the creation of flexible solar cells, fit into the concept of mobility. This constructive solution led to a significant reduction in the weight of the SB and made it possible to embed the MIP directly into the structure of the products. An example is a radio cap with an AM / FM receiver placed in front of the headgear (Fig. 5).
A promising development using MIP technology will be a cooler bag. A flexible solar panel placed on a bag will do a double job. The energy received from the solar battery will be converted by the Peltier element into cold and serve to charge the batteries, which will ensure the performance of a portable music center or other electronic device, such as a laptop. It should be noted that the service life of materials framing the built-in MIP should be at least 5-10 years, since the performance of sealed SBs can reach from 20 to 30 years or more! Therefore, this technology can rightfully be considered a technology aimed at the XNUMXst century. Concluding the article on MIP technology, I continue to assert that the eternal source of energy from which any electric motor or electronic circuit can operate has already been created - this is the Sun. Our role is not to refuse this energy gift of nature. Author: S.Sevrikov
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