|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Battery care. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells How to make the battery last longer? Few people like to strictly follow the rules of battery operation, but nevertheless, the performance and durability of batteries can be maximized by following a few simple rules. Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries: Usually they come from the factory in a discharged state, therefore, before use, they must be charged in a slow charger for 14-16 hours, then discharged and charged again in the same way. It is even better to do this procedure two or three times. It is very important to charge the batteries only after they are discharged. Charging incompletely discharged batteries causes a "memory effect" and shortens the life of the batteries. It is advisable to charge batteries at room temperature and use chargers recommended by the manufacturer. Do not leave the battery in the charger for more than the recommended time. Batteries must be stored in a cool, dry place at a temperature slightly below room temperature. Batteries must be charged before storage, as storing them in a discharged state will shorten the life of the batteries. Li-ion batteries: The charging modes of Li-Ion batteries differ from the above types, so they need to be charged in special chargers designed for Li-Ion batteries. Since these batteries do not have a "memory effect", they can be recharged completely painlessly. It is also advisable not to allow the battery to stay in sub-zero temperatures for a long time. Selecting the type of batteries and chargers The right choice of battery is often limited by the fact that the seller, as a rule, offers equipment already complete with a battery and charger, and the customer has no choice but to purchase what is already chosen for him. Although in many cases this may turn out to be an advantage, since for specific operating conditions (and, accordingly, the operating modes of the equipment), the manufacturer adjusts its battery manufacturing technology to the operating modes of the equipment it produces. And in this case, the duration of the action of a conventional battery (for example, universal finger cells) will be less. Despite the fact that the buyer's ability to choose a battery is limited in most cases by two parameters: the capacity of the battery and its price, it would probably not be out of place to give a few rules by which you should choose the type of battery and charger you need. Purchase batteries and charger recommended by the manufacturer. Each manufacturer has its own production technology and, accordingly, its own characteristics of battery operation. When choosing a battery, first of all, determine the requirements for it and their priority; determine which of the requirements are mandatory and which are desirable. For example, a nickel-cadmium battery is unlikely to be acceptable to cell phone owners, despite its low cost and long life, mainly due to its weight and overall dimensions. The temperature range of operation in this case is also not a critical parameter. Since Li-Ion batteries currently represent the pinnacle of achievement in terms of specific capacity, they may be the most suitable in cellular terminals for long battery life, but they also come with the highest cost! A good compromise option in this case, both in terms of price and overall dimensions, can be the use of a nickel-metal hydride battery. For law enforcement officers who use professional radio communications, often working in extreme conditions, the critical parameters will be: temperature operation, the ability to quickly charge, the duration of operation, shock resistance, etc. In this case, of course, it is preferable to use a nickel-cadmium battery (without forgetting about its correct operation). One of the main disadvantages of a nickel-cadmium battery - a relatively small specific capacity (the ratio of capacity to the dimensions and weight of the battery) - is not so critical for radio stations in this case. The temperature range of operation can be a critical parameter, depending on where the radio is located - in an inner pocket or outside (like a police officer). As for chargers, it is preferable to use accelerated memory if the battery charge time is more critical. Fast storage is more expensive than regular storage and slightly reduces battery life. We leave the user to find a compromise between life and battery charge time. The preference for conditioning chargers is that by constantly charging Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries in these chargers, you can significantly increase the life of the batteries (not forgetting the rules for using batteries!). Factors affecting the number of "charge-discharge" work cycles The very concept of "the number of working cycles of the "charge-discharge" of the battery" is relative, since it strongly depends on various factors. In addition, the value of the number of operating cycles, for example for one type of battery, is not a universal concept, since it depends on the technology, which is different for each manufacturer. For example, the data on the number of "charge-discharge" work cycles for Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-Ion batteries: Ni-Cd - 1500 cyclesif the battery is used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Failure to fully discharge periodically will shorten the life of the battery. For Ni-MH, Li-Ion batteries, the maximum number of cycles is 500, however, it strongly depends on the depth of discharge of the battery at each cycle. Deep discharge of these types of batteries will shorten their life. Typically, battery manufacturers give a guaranteed number of duty cycles for specific batteries when they are used under certain conditions. So, for example, for finger elements Ni-Cd, Ni-MH type AA one of the largest manufacturers of rechargeable batteries - Varta - is given a guaranteed number of "charge-discharge" cycles (1000). In fact, it is so if the charge and discharge modes (current, time, depth of discharge), external temperature, etc. are strictly observed for the batteries. Memory effect There are times when new nickel-cadmium batteries after several tens of charging cycles, it is no longer able to give the nominal value of its capacity. What is the matter here? And it's the wrong charge-discharge of the battery. The "memory effect" in a battery is the tendency of the cell to adapt to a specific duty cycle over which the battery has been operating for a period of time. As the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the effect becomes more pronounced. For example, if the battery has been cyclically discharged to a certain depth many times, then in the next cycle, when trying to conduct a normal discharge, it will not be able to give more capacity than in the previous cycling mode. In real life, this happens when charging an incompletely discharged battery in a charger. So, for example, many users of radio stations, especially before going to a responsible event, long duty, etc., want to play it safe from a possible battery discharge, try to recharge an incompletely discharged battery in the charger, not suspecting that the battery is exposed to parasitic " memory effect." Also, the cause of this effect may be a "forgotten" battery in the charger. But what happens inside the battery? One of the main problems is the growth of unwanted crystals on the battery plate, which reduces the surface area of the electrode, which leads to a decrease in usable capacity. In even more progressive stages of the effect, the sharp edges of the crystals penetrate the separator (separator between the positive and negative plates), thereby increasing the self-discharge of the "sick" battery. Nevertheless, batteries with a "memory effect" can almost completely give up their nominal capacity, but at a low voltage level that is not acceptable for an electronic device. The "memory effect" is temporary and, depending on the duration of the "disease", can be partially or completely "erased" by several full cycles of deep discharge (up to one volt per cell) and charge. Sometimes the number of such cycles reaches several tens. В nickel-metal hydride batteries, the "memory effect" manifests itself to a much lesser extent, however, the "treatment" of such batteries, as practice shows, is ineffective. Publication: cxem.net
Machine for thinning flowers in gardens
02.05.2024 Advanced Infrared Microscope
02.05.2024 Air trap for insects
01.05.2024
▪ Women are more sensitive to stress than men ▪ Ultra high resolution satellite images for sale ▪ Computer mice can detect emotional stress ▪ AMDVLK - open source Vulkan drivers for Linux
▪ section of the site Household electrical appliances. Selection of articles ▪ article by Nikola Tesla. Famous aphorisms ▪ article Which artist, inspired by the work of another, completely remade his fresco? Detailed answer ▪ article Lagochilus intoxicating. Legends, cultivation, methods of application ▪ article Transmitter in the VHF band. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering ▪ article Previously written figures. Focus Secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page