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Women are more sensitive to stress than men

01.07.2023

Women are more sensitive to stress than men, scientists at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have found. They identified a group of neurons responsible for generating negative emotions and found that these neurons contain estrogen receptors, which explains women's increased sensitivity to stress.

Using state-of-the-art brain analysis techniques, the researchers determined how these neurons fire during chronic stress. Experiments performed on laboratory mice have shown that these neurons connect the hypothalamus to the lateral habenula, which is responsible for reactions to reward and aversion.

"Knowing which neurons in this brain pathway control negative emotions will help us better understand the mechanisms behind the development of affective disorders, including depression. This will pave the way for the development of effective drugs to treat them," said Professor Konstantinos Meletis, one of the study participants.

Scientists noted that neurons associated with negative emotions and chronic stress have estrogen receptors, which explains the increased sensitivity of women to stressful situations. In experiments with mice, it was noted that females exposed to stress showed longer responses to stress compared to males.

"Women were previously known to be more prone to depression and anxiety than men. However, only now have we been able to discover a biological mechanism that explains this fact," said co-author of the study, Professor Marie Karlen.

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However, there is also a third important factor - the impunity of the owners of quadrocopters for the dangerous maneuvers of their aircraft due to the problem of identifying the owner of the fallen drone. However, it was the unwillingness to leave traces of the UAV belonging, even if during the flight it was consciously over the territory prohibited for air traffic, which prompted the project to create a drone with a biological body. In this case, vehicles that self-destruct under natural conditions may be of interest, first of all, to the Ministry of Defense and other state power structures. The implementation of the described concept is partially ready to be undertaken by specialists from one of the NASA research centers.

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When such a UAV crashes in nature reserves or over other territories, bacteria simply will not leave a trace of the main parts of the quadrocopter at the site of its crash, since natural components can biodegrade as quickly as possible - decompose in the natural environment. True, with such a wording, the key word is "basic", because parts such as the battery or drone propellers were borrowed from conventional aircraft. And this means that it will still be possible to identify UAVs by microcircuits, which, although they will be made using silver paint nanoparticles, will require a longer period than a mushroom case for complete decomposition.

American engineers are working to replace the remaining parts with their natural counterparts, but the issue of the vulnerability of such drones to severe weather conditions and other natural factors remains no less relevant.

According to experts, biological drones have a chance to become an ideal means of monitoring environmentally sensitive areas and become very useful in reconnaissance and espionage missions. It is possible that in the future similar UAV models may appear in service with army units.

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