Combined power regulator on the K145AP2 chip. Scheme, description

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Combined power regulator on the K145AP2 chip. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power

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I propose an interesting power regulator designed to control incandescent lamps. Unlike many other similar devices, this device has a triple load control (touch and push-button smooth power control, switching on to a previously installed power). The regulator also contains an audible relay, which, reacting to a loud sharp sound, allows you to remotely turn off the working lamps.

And now it is worth telling about everything in more detail. The basis of the regulator is the K145AP2 microcircuit. It is a triac control pulse shaper and is made using p-MOS technology. The IC is powered by a negative polarity voltage of -13,5 ... -16,5 V and consumes a current of 0,5 ... 2 mA.

When the device (Fig. 1) is connected to the network, the EL1 lamp remains off. If you briefly touch the sensor E1 (for a period of about 0.3 ... 1 s), the lamp will flash with full heat. If you touch the sensor for a longer time, the lamp will start to fade out. You can completely turn off the lamp by briefly touching the sensor again. With subsequent short-term exposure to the sensor, the lamp will turn on at the same power that was before it was turned off.

Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of the power regulator (click to enlarge)

In addition to the sensor, you can use the SB1 button to control. When you press it, all processes proceed in the same way. The advantage of push-button control over touch control is that phasing is not required when the controller is connected to the network. If you use a button with a position lock, then when it is closed, the lamp will continuously change its brightness, which can be useful, for example, to control a Christmas tree garland.

In addition, the power regulator is equipped with an audible relay, which allows you to remotely turn off the incandescent lamps connected to it. With the help of a sound relay, it is also possible to turn on the lamps, but only if the time after turning them off does not exceed 5 ... 10 s. Such a blocking for inclusion is provided so that there is no accidental switching on of the lamps in the absence of the owners. The sound relay reacts only to sharp loud sounds, for example, clapping of the palms, and is not sensitive to steps, thunder during a thunderstorm, or a loud TV.

The K145AP2 microcircuit has two inputs - IN1, IN2 (pins 3, 4), which are inverse with respect to each other. Input IN1 is driven high, input IN2 is driven low. Zener diode VD3 protects input IN1 from high voltage when the sensor is touched. Pin 2 DD2 receives AC voltage pulses to synchronize the operation of the microcircuit with the mains frequency. Capacitor C11 is designed for the operation of the PLL system. Transistor VT4 amplifies the output current of the microcircuit. Inductor L1 and capacitor C14 reduce the impulse noise penetrating into the network that occurs when the triac is opened.

I will dwell on the operation of the sound relay in more detail. With it, you can only turn off or turn on the EL1. Sound relay power control is not provided. The signal from the electret microphone BM1 is amplified by a cascade on transistors VT2, VT3 and is detected by a rectifier on diodes VD1, VD2. The rectified voltage is supplied to the inverter DD1.1. When the level of the audio signal is low, at the inputs 8, 9 DD1.1 - logical "0", at pin 10 - logical "1". When the voltage at the inputs of DD1.1 reaches the level "1", the output of DD1.1 will be "0", but nothing seems to change in the operation of the regulator. However, as soon as the DD1.1 inputs will again have a logical "0", a short pulse will go to pin 12 of DD1.2 through C9, which will start the waiting multivibrator on DD1.2, DD1.3. The multivibrator will generate a single pulse, the duration of which is set by the elements R9, C7 and is sufficient to control the DD2 chip when a control voltage is applied to the IN2 input.

To prevent EL1 from being turned on by the audio relay by mistake, power is supplied to the microphone through a switch on the VT1 transistor. The key is controlled by the voltage taken from the VT4 collector. When the load is off, the transistor VT4 is constantly closed, short voltage pulses are not received to charge the capacitor C3, so VT1 is also closed, and the BM1 microphone is de-energized. The time during which it is still possible to turn on the load by the sound relay after it has been turned off, mainly depends on the capacitance of the capacitor C3. Its recommended value is 1...10 uF.

The logical part of the device is powered by a voltage of -15 V from a parametric stabilizer at VD4, VD5, VD7, HL1, C15 and R23. The HL1 LED is designed to illuminate the E1 sensor in the dark. The capacitance of the capacitor C12 is enough for the regulator to continue its work without change if a short-term power outage occurs (2 ... 5 s). If the -220 V voltage disappears for a longer time, then the next time it appears, the EL1 lamp will not automatically turn on.

In the power regulator, you can use any fixed resistors of the appropriate power. In this case, in place of R23, it is desirable to use a non-flammable resistor of type P1-7. Trimmer resistor R7 - any small-sized.

It is desirable to use oxide capacitors imported from Rubicon, as they have low leakage currents and stable parameters. It is also possible to use capacitors of the K50-35 type. C3 - preferably non-polar, such as K73-17. Capacitors C14, C15 - K73-17 for a voltage of at least 400 V; C7 - K73-9, K73-17. The remaining capacitors are K10-17 or any small-sized ceramic ones.

Diodes VD5, VD7 can be replaced with any of KD209, KD105 (B...G), KD528 (B...D). The remaining diodes are any low-power silicon ones, for example, the KD503, KD509, KD521, D223 series. LED HL1 - any of AL 102, AL307, AL336, KIPD-21. Zener diodes can be any low-power ones with a stabilization voltage of 13 ... 15,5 V.

Transistors VT1, VT2 can be replaced by any of the KT3107 series with a base current transfer coefficient of at least 200; VT3 - any of the KT361, KT326, KT3107 series. Transistor VT4 must be with a base current transfer ratio of at least 100. It can be of the KT503, KT608, KT630, KT646, KT817 series.

Chip DD1 can be replaced by 564LA7, K1561LA7. The use of the K176 series is unacceptable, even if the supply voltage DD1 is reduced.

The VS1 triac can be replaced with TS112-10, TS112-16, TYu226M or any similar one for an operating voltage of at least 400 V. The triac in the TO-220 plastic case is installed on the heat sink at a load power of more than 40 W, for KU208G a heat sink is needed when the lamp power is more than 100 W.

Microphone BM1 - any small-sized electret, from telephone sets or portable tape equipment, for example, 34LOF.

The interference suppression choke L1, when operating with a load of up to 600 W, can have the following design. On a segment of a 400NN ferrite rod with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 40 mm, 100 turns of PEV-2 wire 00,53 mm are wound in four layers. A thin PTFE film is laid between the layers. Before winding L1, it also wraps around the inductor core. The fluoroplastic film adheres well with BF-2 glue, so it is necessary to impregnate each of the four layers of the throttle with the same glue. Carefully made according to the method described above, the throttle turns out to be completely silent. The use of a jumper instead of a choke, even temporarily, is unacceptable.

Setting up the device is easy. Resistor R2 sets the voltage at the microphone outputs (2 ... 4 V), R4 - the voltage at the VT2 collector (6 ... 7 V), R7 - the sensitivity of the microphone amplifier, R21 - the brightness of the LED when the load is not working.

If the wires going to the sensor and the SB1 button will be longer than 50 cm, it is advisable to use a shielded wire.

If pushbutton control is not required, SB1 and R17 can be omitted. Sensor E1 can be made from the body of the transistor MP39, KT801 or similar. A small-sized LED can also be placed inside such a sensor.

When installing and configuring, remember that the common wire has a positive polarity. The "body" sign is drawn to simplify the graphics of the circuit. In no case should it be connected to the "ground" and the body of the device. Touching the elements of the device connected to the network is unacceptable.

If you want the sound signal to be able not only to turn off the lamps, but also to turn them on at any time, then the resistor R15 should be disconnected from the VD6 diode and connected to the "-" terminal of the capacitor C12. Instead of a sound relay or in addition to it, with the appropriate modification of the circuit, you can control the power regulator using an IR remote control, a laser pointer, and in other ways.

To install a combined power regulator instead of a standard mechanical switch for internal wiring, the device can be mounted on two boards with a diameter of 65 mm. It is possible to use both printed and surface mounting. During installation, one should take into account the possibility of pickups created by the inductor L1 on other elements.

Author: A. Butov, village of Kurba, Yaroslavl region; Publication: cxem.net

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