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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING "Living water" for seedlings. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby It would seem that there is nothing more familiar than water - and yet there is nothing more mysterious than it. Let's remember: from the spring to the ocean - the forms of its existence in a liquid state; a trickle of steam from a teapot and clouds in the sky - it is also in gaseous; fluffy snow and hard ice - all the same water; and physicists also know the so-called heavy water, which promises a significant addition to the energy of the future. It has always been known that freezing water breaks pipes and vessels. And suddenly riddles; in capillaries thinner than a hair, it remains liquid even in the cold. How many more secrets are there? In recent years, there has been another mystery and new clashes of opinions around the unusual properties of the same ordinary water, but already subjected to an electric current. Those. so-called living water. True, this effect was observed earlier, during electrolysis, but as a temporary one: when a current was passed between electrodes immersed in water, an acidic environment formed around one of them (anode), and an alkaline one near the other (cathode); but after turning off the current, the liquid again became equally neutral. The introduction of a dense semi-permeable partition between the electrodes made it possible, without disturbing the effect, to prevent the back mixing of the media formed under the current, to obtain two different liquids - anolyte and catholyte. Their study led to the discovery of new active properties of unusual water: in the acolyte they are oxidative, in the catholyte they are reducing. The study of their branch institutes and laboratories in Tashkent, Kazan, Moscow, Kiev, Leningrad and some other cities showed a wide range of possible practical applications of these properties - from industrial to domestic. Food industry workers, for example, were interested in the fact that acidic water can increase the shelf life of perishable foods, physicians - that it stops inflammatory processes and is therefore suitable for treating scratches and wounds, and then wiping them with alkaline water accelerates healing. Experiments with plants gave interesting results. One group was watered with plain water, the other - with alkaline (catholyte), the third - with acidic (anolyte). Compared to the first group, the plants of the second group developed noticeably faster, while the third group had no sprouts at all. But when this third area was then watered with alkaline water, the plants not only germinated, but also quickly overtook both first groups. For those who would like to test the properties of activated water when growing or "treating" indoor plants, germinating seeds or harvesting seedlings of garden crops, we offer a description of the simplest apparatus made by the inventor V. Khakhalin, to obtain living water.
The manufacture of home-made electrolyzers for obtaining activated water is carried out mainly according to the following scheme: a glass jar with water, a canvas bag filled with water is also lowered into it, and electrodes made of stainless steel sheet are introduced into both of these containers, one of which is connected directly to the network, and the other - through a 5-10 A diode (for example, type D242). The activation process lasts a few minutes (when tightening it, the water may boil). Such devices are unsafe and not without drawbacks. And above all, the manufacturers of such activators forgot the first Faraday's law, according to which one should not at all strive to use "large amperes": one can just as well get by with milliamps, thus lengthening the exposure session - at low currents this does not threaten overheating. A powerful expensive diode will not be required either - it will be replaced by a simpler, cheaper cost, designed for a maximum rectified current of the order of 0,3 A (for example, type D7Zh or with any other letter at the end). For the sake of greater reliability, two such diodes can be connected in parallel in the circuit. An activator with a milliamp mode is much safer: the device can remain turned on for a long time, and the water in it, having warmed up a little at the beginning, does not heat up further, because as it is activated, the current becomes 2-4 times less than its initial values. The end results of activation will be completely equivalent to the mode with "large" amperes: after all, they are the same, whether a current of 5 A flows through the device for 5 minutes (300 s) or 0,05 A for 500 minutes (30000 s): 5Х300=0,05Х30000=1500. The final number is the number of electric charge units (coulombs) passed through the water in both modes of activation. The activator device at low currents is clear from the figure. In a small plastic canister with a cut off top, two ordinary thin glasses are installed, the walls of which are built up with whatman shells. All three of these containers are filled with water, electrodes are lowered into the glasses - the device is ready for connection. The water in the canister will be the transmission medium for the current, and the anolyte and catholyte will be in glasses. To make it more convenient to remove the glasses at the end of the process, a simple pallet with racks and a jumper-handle is made of sheet polystyrene, on which a fork connector and wire hooks for hanging electrodes are attached (as is customary in electroplating). The shells for building up glasses are cut out from a sheet of whatman paper 110x500 mm, previously boiled to remove technological glue from the paper. The resulting blanks are tightly wound around the edges of the glasses and secured with threads.
The activator power supply diagram shows a 220 V lamp with a power of 40 W. A simple switch allows you to short it out when you want to speed up the process. The lamp acts as a fuse for the diode. In addition, by changing the degree of incandescence of its filament, one can judge the stage of activation: at the end of the process, it burns dimmer.
The shape, size and relative position of the electrodes mean little, the choice of the material itself is another matter. Even corrosion-resistant stainless steel during electrolysis, albeit in scanty quantities, dissolves in anolyte, and more are those grades that are more sensitive to the magnet. Therefore, the material attracted to the magnet is not suitable: the electrode from it becomes rough after a short use, its weight decreases - active dissolution occurs. Good electrodes are obtained from cutlery marked "Stainless", as well as from skewers (without any change in shape). Since there are always impurities of chlorine, fluorine, iron and various salts in tap water, spots form on the paper of the shells, and a dull coating forms on the electrodes (especially the cathode). The latter is easily removed with a cotton swab dipped in vinegar; you can also swap the electrodes - the plaque will disappear. And the shells should be updated sometimes. Preparation of the device for work begins with filling it (starting with glasses so that they do not float up) with water to the same level, 15-20 mm below the edges of the shells. Then the electrodes are lowered into glasses and hung on hooks, a cord is connected to the plug of the connector, and the device is connected to the network. One interesting sign will testify to the successful course of activation: the occurrence of a noticeable difference in water levels in all three containers due to the so-called osmosis. Acidic water (in a glass, the electrode of which is connected through a diode) will lower its level relative to neutral water in the canister, and alkaline, on the contrary, will increase it by the same amount (about 3-6 mm). The degree of acidity and alkalinity is usually estimated by the so-called pH indicator, measured by the Ionomer instrument, which is practically inaccessible in everyday life. According to his testimony, in plain water "pH" = 7, in catholyte it rises to 10 or more, in anolyte - 2,5 or less. At home, the resulting liquids can be tested with litmus paper. However, a more commonly available test is phenolphthalein, which is sold in pharmacies (sometimes under the name "Purgen"). Dissolve its tablet in a tablespoon of water, scoop catholyte into another and drop phenolphthalein into it: the catholyte will immediately turn red (after two weeks of storage, it turns red more slowly). If now the colored catholyte is dropped into the anolyte sample, discoloration will occur, which indicates sufficient activity of the anolyte. In conclusion, about the duration of the preservation of the properties of activated water. According to my observations, the anolyte remains active for a month or two (it is possible that it persists longer). Catholyte, after a week, loses at least a quarter of its original strength and weakens. Author: V. Khakhalin; Publication: cxem.net
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