Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Free library / Directory / Basics of safe life

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

PPE is one of the main ways to protect the public. The effectiveness of the use of PPE largely depends on their correct selection and operation.

Personal protective equipment is divided into the following types:

1) personal respiratory protection equipment (PPE);

2) personal protective equipment for the skin (SIZK);

3) medical personal protective equipment.

Personal protective equipment for respiratory organs is designed to protect the respiratory organs, face and eyes from the effects of toxic, radioactive substances, hazardous chemicals, bacterial agents.

PPEs include:

1) filtering and insulating gas masks;

2) protective cameras for children;

3) respirators;

4) the simplest means.

Filtering RPE are divided into the following types:

1) combined-arms filtering gas masks - RSH, PMG, PBF, PMK (they are intended for troops and headquarters of civil defense);

2) civil:

a) for the adult population, GP-5, GP-5m, GP-7, GP-7V, GP-7VM are used;

b) for children, the following are used: protective cameras for children KZD-4, KZD-6 - for children under one and a half years old; gas masks PDF-D (DA, "D") - for children from 1,5 to 6-7 years old, PDF-Sh (ША, Ш) - for children from 6 to 16 years old;

3) industrial filtering gas masks - to protect the respiratory organs, face and eyes from hazardous chemicals and in case of accidents.

According to their purpose, respirators are divided into anti-dust, anti-gas and gas-dust protection.

The simplest means of respiratory protection are designed to protect against radioactive dust, harmful aerosols, bacterial agents (anti-dust fabric masks (PTM), cotton-gauze bandages (VMP) and other improvised means).

The principle of the protective action of filter media is based on the purification of the inhaled air from various impurities through filtration and absorption.

Filtering gas mask consists of a front part and a filtering-absorbing system (FPS), which are interconnected directly or with the help of a connecting tube.

The filtering-absorbing system is designed to clean the inhaled air from aerosols and vapors of agents, hazardous chemicals, radioactive dust, and bacterial agents. The filtering-absorbing system can be made either in the form of an anti-gas box, or in the form of a filter element. Air purification from aerosols is carried out by an antiaerosol filter, and from vapors - by an absorbing layer of coal-catalyst.

The front part (helmet-mask or mask) is designed to protect the face and eyes from hazardous substances, hazardous substances, RP, BS, to supply purified air to the respiratory organs and to remove exhaled air.

The front part consists of a body (rubber mask, helmet-mask), spectacle assembly, valve box, fairings and head attachment systems.

Some facepieces are equipped with a mask, obturator, intercom and fluid intake system.

The valve box of the front part is designed to distribute the flows of inhaled and exhaled air. The valve box contains the inspiratory and expiratory valves.

Civilian gas masks GP-5 and GP-7, as well as children's gas masks PDF-7, PDF-D, PDF-Sh, PDF-2D, PDF-2Sh protect against some hazardous chemicals (chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, tetraethyl lead, ethylmercaptan, nitrobenzene, phenol, furfural, phosgene, cyanogen chloride).

In order to expand the capabilities of gas masks, additional cartridges have been introduced for them (DPG-1, DPG-3).

Gas masks GP-7, PDF-2D and PDF-2Sh, equipped with a filter-absorbing box GP-7k, can be used to protect against radionuclides of iodine and its organic compounds.

DPG-3, complete with a gas mask, protects against ammonia, chlorine, dimethylamine, nitrobenzene, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, hydrocyanic acid, tetraethyl lead, phenol, phosgene, furfural, hydrogen chloride, cyanide chloride and ethyl mercaptan. DPG-1 also protects against nitrogen dioxide, methyl chloride, carbon monoxide and ethylene oxide.

Outside air, getting into the filter-absorbing box of the gas mask, is pre-cleaned from aerosols and vapors, then enters an additional cartridge, where it is finally cleared of harmful impurities.

Additional cartridges DP-1 and DP-2 are designed to protect against carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide). They are used with the front parts of gas masks or in combination with the FPC and the front part of a gas mask for protection against agents, hazardous chemicals, RP, BS and carbon monoxide.

Cartridge DP-1 is a disposable tool.

Cartridge DP-2 can be used repeatedly within 13 days, provided that the total time of operation in an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide does not exceed the time of protective action.

To protect workers and employees at chemical facilities associated with the production or use of hazardous chemicals in technological processes, special industrial gas masks are used, which are equipped with boxes (FPK) of large size, specialized for their intended purpose.

The duration of the protection of industrial gas masks of large dimensions from AHOV and other substances depends on the brand of the box (Table 1), the type of substance and its concentration.

Table 1. List of boxes of industrial gas masks

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

The approximate time of the protective action of a box of industrial gas masks for protection against hazardous chemicals at a maximum concentration is from 0,3 to 0,6 hours, depending on the type of hazardous chemicals.

In addition to filtering gas masks, anti-gas and universal respirators such as RPG-67, RU-60m, RU-60mu, etc. are used to protect the respiratory organs from hazardous chemicals in the form of gas and steam.

Anti-gas and universal respirators are used when the concentration of vaporous and gaseous hazardous chemicals exceeds the MPC by no more than 10 times.

Isolating means of individual respiratory protection

Insulating gas masks are designed to protect the respiratory organs, face and eyes from any harmful impurities in the air, regardless of its concentration and with a lack or absence of oxygen.

The most common isolating gas masks IP-4, IP-4M, IP-4MK, IP-5. The principle of operation is based on the release of oxygen from chemicals by absorbing carbon dioxide and moisture exhaled by a person.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

We recommend interesting articles Section Basics of safe life:

▪ Protective screens

▪ Features of autonomous existence in the jungle

▪ Metro accidents

See other articles Section Basics of safe life.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

PHILIPS has updated its line of LCD TVs 14.06.2005

Philips introduces another product, the 32PF9956 LCD TV.

With Pixel Plus technology, it delivers improved picture quality. The presence of a device for reading digital media allows you to use multimedia memory cards. Applied technology Digital Natural Motion eliminates jerky images that are noticeable when moving on the screen, making it smoother and more natural. The ultimate sharpness and flicker-free display of the Philips 32PF9956 TV is achieved through progressive scanning.

The model also uses Active Control technology, which adjusts the brightness of the image depending on the lighting conditions. The 32PF9956 TV features Philips' innovative sound reproduction technology, Incredible Surround. It increases the stereo width. The presence of a built-in subwoofer based on wOOx technology contributes to improved reproduction of low frequencies.

HDMI technology provides an uncompressed, all-digital RGB connection between source and screen. The Philips 32PF9956 TV has received the Green Flagship status, which is awarded by Philips to its most environmentally friendly products as part of its extensive EcoVision environmental program.

Other interesting news:

▪ Prompter cures stuttering

▪ Glue sticks and peels off on command

▪ Xiaomi Mobility Intelligent AI massage chair

▪ Spotify Virtual DJ

▪ Gas storage inside coal

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the website job descriptions. Article selection

▪ article And my Matryona became neither Pava nor Crow. Popular expression

▪ article What are microbes? Detailed answer

▪ article Agave furcroid. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Determination of the saturation current of inductors with magnetic cores. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Accumulator for an imported video camera. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews