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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electromagnetic induction detector. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors, metal detectors

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This detector is easy to manufacture and operate. Even an inexperienced radio amateur can do it.

Transmitter circuit

Electromagnetic induction detector. Transmitter circuit

Details:

VT1, VT2 - MP39 - MP42 (with any letter index)
R2, R3 - 100 kOhm
R1, R4 - 4 kOhm
C1 - 0pF
C2 - 0pF
C 3 - 0 pF
Power - Type C element (slightly larger than AA)
WA1 - 50 turns of PEV - 2 0, 12 - on a frame 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 cm (square)
Switch - any.

Frequency - 1 kHz
Signal amplitude - 0 V

Receiver circuit

Electromagnetic induction detector. Receiver circuit

Details:

WA2 - same as WA1
C1, C2, C3 - 47uF at 16V
R1 - 3 kOhm
R2 - 10 kOhm
R3 - 300 Ohm
BF1 - 60 - 100 ohm headphones
VT1 - KT315B
GB1 - three AA elements connected in series
SA1 - any

Coils can be placed like this:

Electromagnetic induction detector. Coil arrangement

In this embodiment, the detector can be used as a metal detector. If you need to roughly trace the wiring in the wall, you should place the transmitter antenna next to the found end of the wire, and drive the receiving antenna along the wall. In general, the number of options for using this device is limited only by your imagination.

Author: Petrukhin P., Petrukhin.Pavel [dog] mail.ru; Publication: cxem.net

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Particles of magnetite - a mineral with magnetic properties - are often found in living organisms, and in this connection they usually speak of a magnetic feeling: allegedly, magnetite, moving under the action of a geomagnetic field, irritates receptor cells, and thus animals learn where the north is, where is the south, and where in general they are. The human body also has magnetite: particles of it were found in the brain about a quarter of a century ago, and recently Joe Kirschvink, the geophysicist at the California Institute of Technology who discovered "human magnetite", reported that our brain can also sense a magnetic field.

However, magnetite has a significant disadvantage - it stimulates the appearance of aggressive oxidizing molecules that damage cellular proteins, lipids and DNA. On the other hand, it is known that an increased content of magnetite particles occurs in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's syndrome, and that magnetite somehow enhances the toxicity of pathogenic protein complexes formed in nerve cells in this disease. And at the same time, it is believed that all of our magnetite is biogenic, that is, created by the body itself through some kind of biochemical reactions. And then the question arises whether magnetite particles are really needed for geomagnetic feeling - maybe they accumulate only because some pathological processes begin in the brain, and the nervous system cannot cope with the collection of dangerous debris.

However, everything is actually simpler: in an article in PNAS, researchers from Lancaster University write that our magnetite may be ordinary industrial pollution that has entered the brain from the external environment. Barbara Maher and her colleagues from Oxford, the universities of Glasgow, Manchester, the University of Montana and the National Autonomous University of Mexico City analyzed post-mortem brain samples taken from dozens of people living in Mexico City and Manchester. There was magnetite in the samples, but for the most part it didn't look biological at all.

If a magnetite particle is formed in a cell, then its shape is a tetrahedron or an octahedron, but those found in the brains looked rounded, spherical. Such nanospheres are obtained with strong heating - for example, when fuel is burned in car engines or simply on an open fire. Biogenic tetrahedra and octahedra also existed, but for one biogenic particle there were at least a hundred abiogenic particles that entered the brain from the external environment. Along the way, particles of platinum, nickel and cobalt were found in the nervous tissue, which could not enter the human body from anywhere, except from the outside.

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