|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Biofuel greenhouse. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources You can hardly surprise anyone with a greenhouse. As in the days of V. Dahl, the compiler of the living Great Russian dictionary, this is the familiar “hothouse without a firebox; a frame dug into the ground, a box with manure and black soil, covered with removable windows, for growing early greens, vegetables or fruits that love warmth.” While retaining the common features of its many counterparts, the greenhouse, which has received recognition from the members of our gardening cooperative, has significant differences. This is a pit single-slope structure that runs on biofuel and is equipped with a mechanical auto-ventilation system. Household winter frames are used as "removable windows", the middle of which has an opening transom or a large window. The manufacture of such a greenhouse begins with the fact that they dig a hole (pit) 3-4 m long, 1,3-1,9 m wide and 0,5-0,7 m deep. The walls are inclined so as not to crumble. It is possible that in loose and floating soil they will even have to be reinforced with boards 25-40 mm thick, poles or bricks. So that the pit is not washed away by rains, it is advisable to make a drainage looped groove at a distance of 400-800 mm from it, and for the convenience of maintaining the greenhouse, provide for sheltering the groove with wooden shields (not shown in Fig. 1).
The binding ("log") of the greenhouse is made of sanded logs with a diameter of 150 mm or of thick boards, securely fastened at the corners. Sometimes in the middle of the "longitudinals" an additional fastening in the form of spacers is installed. Logs and boards on top must be planed so that the frames fit snugly against the greenhouse piping. The northern side ("paruben") of the strapping is 150-200 mm higher than the southern one, in the upper log or board of which it is desirable to choose a quarter or nail a rail - an emphasis for frames. After making a greenhouse, it is stuffed with biofuel and covered with soil. At the same time, make sure that the distance from the surface to the film or glass is at least 250 mm. A single-pitched excavated greenhouse can be built in another way. After digging a pit, in each corner and in the middle of its long side, they dig in or drive in pillars with a diameter of 100-120 mm, to which boards are attached from the inside to prevent shedding of earthen walls, and a wooden box is formed on the protruding outer part. The rest of the structures are mounted in the same way. It is not uncommon for springs to fall when seedlings and vegetables planted in sheltered pound structures suffer from frost. Sometimes even reinforced glazing or double film coating does not save. Plants can only be saved by heating the greenhouse, for example, using biofuels, the most common types of which include manure, compost and household waste. Although horse manure gives off the most heat when it decomposes, it is not easy to get it these days. We have to be content with what farms specializing in cattle breeding give. Prepare manure in autumn. For storage, it is necessary to collect it (with layer-by-layer compaction) in stacks three meters wide and one and a half to two meters high, insulated with straw, sawdust or peat and covered to prevent freezing in winter. In the spring, before stuffing the greenhouse, the manure should be transferred to another, looser pile and warmed up. To do this, several holes are made in the future biofuel, into each of which a bucket of hot water is poured. Then the stack is covered with burlap or matting. After two to four days, when the manure warms up to a temperature of 50-60 ° C, a greenhouse is stuffed with it. A colder one is laid at the bottom, and a hot one is placed on top and from the sides. Two or three days later, after sedimentation, a new portion is added. They make sure that the manure lies loose: only at the walls it is slightly compacted to avoid the formation of voids. Garden or soddy soil, compost or fertilized peat are poured on top. When filling a greenhouse with biofuel, everything must be calculated so that at least 250 mm remains from the ground to the frame. On average, you need 0,2 m3 per 1 m2 of greenhouse area. It is not recommended to exceed this parameter, since under the weight of the earth the manure is compacted, the air flow to it is hindered, and it stops "burning". For the same reason, do not over-moisten the soil. Instead of manure for greenhouses, you can use biofuels derived from ... plants. The technology is simple: they take an ordinary barrel and fill it to the top with freshly cut grass. Then pour water with the addition of a handful of urea or some other nitrogen fertilizer. A lid is put on the barrel, and a heavy boulder or some other load is placed on top. After 1,5-2 weeks, "vegetable" manure can be considered ready for use. When diluted with water in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, a solution is obtained that is used to water vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses. Solid residues are placed in a compost pit or plowed under berry bushes and fruit trees. As science testifies and practice confirms, any of the named varieties of "vegetable" manure is extremely rich in nutrients for plants, besides, it is absolutely devoid of helminth eggs and other pests. About compost, its biological and energy value, features of harvesting and application, "Modeler-Constructor" has repeatedly informed its readers (see, for example, No. 5 1999, No. 7 2002). From my own experience, I can only add: in order for this type of biofuel to meet the expectations of greenhouse owners as much as possible, it is necessary to take a responsible attitude to its storage for maturation. We can recommend, in particular, the use of special boxes with removable lining, which are easy to make even at home. The starting material for this is a board 30 mm thick. The dimensions of the box are arbitrary, but it must have slots for natural ventilation. Finally, about house waste as the most accessible type of biofuel for greenhouses and greenhouses. By applying it. keep in mind: 10-40 percent of the composition here is paper and rags. Although the house garbage warms up slowly, it reaches the temperature of the "burning" horse manure and retains it for quite a long time. In conclusion, about an automatic device capable of monitoring the air temperature in a greenhouse by quickly opening and closing a transom or window. Unlike well-known and sometimes quite original analogues (see, for example, the development of M. Kuznetsov, published in the magazine "Modelist-Constructor" No. 1'91), ordinary water "works" here without fail, located in two tanks - glass jars with a capacity of 1 and 3 liters. 1-1,5 liters of water is poured into a three-liter jar, tightly closed with a lid with a welded pipe, on which sections of a thin-walled elastic hose (pharmaceutical rubber or PVC tube) are stretched in advance on both sides. The prepared container is fixed horizontally in the upper part of the greenhouse. The end of a long piece of hose-connector that goes out is lowered into a liter jar. The latter is located not inside the greenhouse, but on a kind of continuation of the transom (window) - a rectangular frame (made of a steel corner), which is equipped with a counterweight. Initially, a little water is poured into a liter jar, the cavity of which must certainly communicate with outside air, and in order for this working fluid to evaporate as little as possible, they put on a lid with two holes: a hose connector is passed through one, the other remains free all the time (the system must in accordance with the algorithm of work, "breathe"). The turn of the lever is prudently limited by a stake driven in nearby. The increase in air temperature in the greenhouse leads to the expansion of air and working fluid (water) in a three-liter jar. In addition, some of this liquid evaporates. The resulting (and expanding!) vapor-air mixture puts pressure on the remaining water. The latter begins to flow through the tubes into a liter jar located outside the greenhouse. This water, upon reaching a critical mass, turns the lever, opening the transom (window). With a decrease in air temperature in the greenhouse, the volume of the vapor-air mixture in a three-liter jar decreases. The pressure here becomes below atmospheric, and as a result, a suction effect is created. Water from the outer container is drawn into the one inside the greenhouse. The liter container empties, the pressure on the counterweight frame decreases, it rises, and the transom (window) closes the greenhouse. But biofuel works by heating the internal cavity of the greenhouse. And as soon as the temperature here exceeds the required value, the process of displacing water from a three-liter jar with a vapor-air mixture will begin again. The mechanical greenhouse auto-ventilation system will continue to monitor the parameter set to it. Author: V. Rybalko, Naberezhnye Chelny, Tatarstan
Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024 Major risk factor for gambling addiction
07.05.2024 Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks
06.05.2024
▪ Samsung laptops based on Ivy Bridge processors ▪ Leaf cutter ants produce laughing gas
▪ section of the website Basics of First Medical Aid (BFA). Selection of articles ▪ article Arbor under a tent. Tips for the home master ▪ article When did man start cooking meat? Detailed answer ▪ article Tangut rhubarb. Legends, cultivation, methods of application ▪ article Proportional voltage regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page