Garland HPP. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Feeding low-power rural radio centers, lighting schools, hospitals, libraries in non-electrified areas can be done from the simplest hydroelectric power station, the construction of which is cheaper than all existing power plants per kilowatt of power. The hydroelectric power plants described in the article do not need a dam and can be installed on rivers with a depth of more than 25 cm at a flow rate of more than 1 m/sec.

The hydroelectric power station consists of light turbines - hydro vingrotors, strung in the form of a garland on a cable thrown across the river. One end of the cable is fixed in the support bearing, the other end rotates the generator rotor. The cable in this case plays the role of a kind of shaft, the rotational movement of which is transmitted to the generator.

The power P, which can be obtained from such a hydroelectric power station, is calculated by the formula:

P=0,15*DLV³K,

where P is the power in kW, D is the diameter of the wing-torch in m, L is the active length of the garland in m, V is the flow velocity in m/s, K is the number of garlands.

The number of revolutions n of the wingrotor garland is approximately equal to

n=0,3*V/D

Each hydraulic motor consists of two half-cylinders 11 offset relative to each other. When the hydraulic motor is immersed in the water flow, due to the difference in hydraulic pressures, a torque is created on its surface (relative to the axis of rotation). At the same time, the hydraulic torch also exerts significant frontal resistance to the flow, due to which the cable of the garland 1 is stretched and bent in the direction of the river flow. Hydraulic torches are attached to the cable in pairs, with each pair having a common attachment point 13, 14, and in each of them one hydraulic rotor is turned by 90° relative to the other. This is necessary to create a uniform rotation of the cable, and hence the generator shaft. The reaction of the tension forces of the cable is perceived by the coastal supports, which consist of retaining boards 6, fixed in the ground, and support bands 3, having holes through which wedges 4,5 are driven into the ground, holding the supports. On frame 18, the gear and generator parts of the plant are installed. The free support on the opposite bank has a hook 7 and a thrust bearing assembly 6, 9, 10, which ensures free rotation of the cable at different angles to the direction of the water flow. Fastening of the second end of the cable is also articulated.

When removing the cable from the support, during the first 20 - 30 seconds, you should not take it in your hands, as it can sharply unwind. The second end of the cable is thrown over the pulley 17 and secured with ties. The pulley is fixed on the axis of the gearbox (drive mechanism) with the help of clip 16 and bolts. The cable works for twisting, and only in this case it transfers power from the turbines to the generator.

One garland of turbines provides power from several tens of watts to 5-15 kilowatts. You can combine garlands, forcing them to work for a common load and thereby increasing the power of the hydroelectric station.

In this case, the free support assembly (Fig. 1 in the frame) consists of rigid profiles 14 interconnected by overlays 15 and fixed with stakes 17, and the stakes rest on dug-in wooden beams 13. At the free support, the garlands are attached using hooks 16 and clips of the thrust bearing 18. This knot is similar to the attachment point of one garland. The generator is installed on site 11, located on the side of the first line. The platform is rigidly connected to the body of the frame 8 of the transmission shaft 5, the shaft 5 is connected to the frame by means of supports 4. The rotation of the rope of the garlands is transmitted along the transmission shaft by a semi-crossing belt covering the shaft 5 and the pulley 1. gears.

The generator 2 is attached either directly through the adapter to the transmission shaft 5, or has a reduction stage 3. The rest of the device is clear from the drawings. To use a vertical generator, which can be installed at a safe height when the water level rises, gears 3 can be made bevel, with a meshing angle of 45°. The entire transmission and alternator can be placed in a waterproof air bell type housing.

The table shows the names and basic data of the most common generators that can be used for micro hydropower plants.

As an example of the described microhydroelectric power plants, a station installed 1,5 km below the town of Staraya Ruza on the Moscow River can serve. In this place, the average flow velocity is 1,5 m/s, the depth is 40-50 cm. The active length of the garland was 47 m, the length of the wingrotors in a pair was 1 m, taking into account the clearance, the diameter of the garland was 0,3 m. The garland developed a power of 8,6, 8,8-6 kW and rotated with a full load generator 543 kW (MP 1 2/428, n=0,7 rpm). The efficiency of the generator was equal to 17,3, the diameter of the garland was XNUMX mm,

With less powerful hydroelectric power plants (1-2 kW), operating at speeds of 1,5-2 m sec, a cable with a diameter of 10-12 mm can be used.

We give the calculation data for such a power plant. To rotate the GPM-130 generator (from the VE-2 wind turbine), a power of 260 W is required. With a rotation speed of 500 rpm and a river flow speed of 1,5 m/s, the length of the garland should be 3 m, the diameter of each wingrotor should be 200 mm, and the length should be 450 mm. To provide the necessary power, 3 pairs of hydraulic torches installed at a distance of 50 mm from each other will be required - the speed of rotation of the garland will be 135 rpm, and, therefore, a gearbox is needed that increases the number of revolutions by 3.7 times.

The figures show drawings of parts and assemblies of a garland hydroelectric station.

(click to enlarge)

The design of individual components and parts can be changed without damage. The frame (part 18) for the generator, for example, can be made of wooden beams, the configuration of part 17 can be simplified by making a pulley of three disks riveted together, etc.

Figure 1, 2, 3 shows a multi-garland hydroelectric power station and its individual nodes.

(click to enlarge)

Author: V.Blinov

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