Biogas on the farm. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Biogas on the farm. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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In October 1997, the first rural biogas station in the country was built on the farm of I. Gradyackas in the Prienai region. Liquid manure from a breeding pig farm designed for keeping up to 30 sows and 120-130 heads of breeding young animals of different age groups began to be subjected to anaerobic processing on it.

The animals are fed with dry feed. As bedding for pigs, sawdust is poured at the rate of 100 kg / day. for all livestock. Manure from the machines is manually pushed into the channel of the TSN-160 scraper conveyor, which moves it into a buried tank with a capacity of 12 m3. From the tank, the manure enters the bioreactor.

The bioreactor is made from a railway tank car. Its bottom is double - it is a "thermal jacket" for the circulation of hot water, which heats the contents of the tank.

According to the phases of the course of biochemical processes of anaerobic treatment - hydrolysis (ion exchange between various substances and water), acidophilic (fermentation with special bacteria) and methanogenic (methane is formed during the decay of organic substances without air access) - the cavity of the bioreactor is divided by sluice partitions into three sections. A mechanical stirrer shaft with blades made of steel angles arranged along a helix is mounted along the longitudinal axis.

The capacity of the tank is 60m3, useful capacity is 50m3. The temperature of anaerobic treatment is 35-37 °С. Thermal control, that is, the supply of coolant (water), is automated. The design dose of daily manure loading is 2,5m3, the design output of biogas is 50-60m3/day. Agitator speed 4 rpm, driven by a 3 kW geared motor. The mixing mode is cyclic: work - 1 min, break - 4 min. The bioreactor is installed under the roof and is insulated with sawdust upholstery.

Biogas on the farm
Rice. Fig. 1. Bioreactor of the experimental gas station (wood sawdust insulation is conditionally not shown): 1 - concrete station (2 pcs.); 2 - heat-insulating "pillow" (2 pcs.); 3 - heater with thermofication water ("thermal jacket" of the base railway oil tank); 4 - branch pipe for receiving raw materials; 5 - body of the bioreactor (tank); 6 - raw materials (liquid manure); 7 - agitator shaft with blades; 8 - airlock partition (4 pcs.); 9 - biogas; 10 - gas pipe; 11 - processed biomass; 12 - siphon valve; 13 - branch pipe of the processed biomass pipeline; 14 - chain drive; 15 - motor-reducer (220 V, 3 kW)

Biogas on the farm
Rice. Fig. 2. Placement of biogas station equipment at a peasant pig farm (manure supply conveyor TSN-160 is conventionally not shown): 1 - pump NZhN-200; 2 - accumulator of spent biomass (organic fertilizers); 3 - chimney; 4 - gas boiler (other consumers of biogas are conventionally not shown); 5 - control panel; 6 - pressure regulator; 7 - biogas counter; 8 - bioreactor

Manure from the storage is pumped NZHN-200 into the bioreactor. At the same time, its processed content is deleted. Overflowing through the sluice partitions and the gas separating siphon, it goes through the pipeline to the organic fertilizer storage tank located in the manure sector of the pig farm.

The gas produced in the bioreactor is sent to the boiler room. And thermal water (coolant) is used to heat the bioreactor and production facilities.

The experimental biogas plant was tested from October 1997 to April 1996. In seven months, about 400m3 of liquid manure was processed, from which 3800m3 of biogas was obtained. The average production of "blue fuel" 19m3 per day is 38 percent of the design capacity of the bioreactor. The small yield of biogas is due to the small number of animals on the farm. More precisely, the insufficient amount of manure obtained from pigs and the lack of dry organic substances in it.

Studies carried out in parallel in laboratory conditions and on farms have established that when feeding pigs with dry concentrates, 0,3 m3 of biogas is accounted for for each kilogram eaten. Therefore, to ensure the design performance of the bioreactor, the number of pig farms should be increased by 2-3 times.

Inspired by the experiments, I. Gradiackas plans to expand his farm, bringing the number of animals kept there to 400 heads. This means that there are prerequisites for obtaining higher indicators in terms of biogas yield.

Authors: A.Anciunas, R.Janušauskas, Lithuania

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