In spot welding mode. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / welding equipment

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The welding machine I made, in the absence of any kind of "bells and whistles", allows you to reliably connect sheet steel up to 3 mm thick. True, there is still one mode of operation, the most necessary for most DIYers - spot welding.

Current adjustment is not provided. The welding progress is determined by the heating time (that is, the passage of current) and is controlled either visually (by color) or using a time relay, the exposure range of which is 0,5-5 s.

A serial OSM-1,0 with a power of 1 kV * A is used as the base transformer. It is desirable to leave the primary winding with him without any changes (although, if necessary, you can rewind: after all, there are only 200 turns of PEV2-1.9). But it is better to replace the secondary one with a more "productive" one, performed by the PVZ-50 wire - two three-turn parts connected in parallel so that their total cross section is 100 mm2.

Rice. 1. Apparatus for spot welding of sheet steel: 1 - modified transformer OSM-1,0; 2 - conductor (duralumin rod with a diameter of 30, L300, 2 pcs.); 3 - insert (steel bar with a diameter of 10, L30, 2 pcs.); 4 - electrode (copper rod with a diameter of 12, L50, 2 pcs.); 5 - brass washer (2 pcs.); 6,12 - M6 screws; 7 handle; 8 - eccentric; 9 - cheek (2 pcs.); 10 - spring; 11 - output of half of the secondary winding (4 pcs.); 13 - textolite bushing (with a groove for the end loop of the spring); 14 - M8 bolt (6 pcs.); 15 - textolite washer (4 pcs.); 16 - insulating coating (varnished cloth or protective adhesive tape on a fabric basis, 2 pcs.); 17 - transformer casing

Rice. 2. Scheme of connecting the device to the household power supply

I recommend making electrode holders from a duralumin bar with a diameter of 30 mm. Moreover, as practice has shown, it is better to make the lower one motionless, isolated from the cheeks with textolite washers, and from the M8 mounting bolts - with varnished cloth or a protective cotton-based adhesive tape. I advise you to use copper electrodes with a diameter of 12 mm, fixing them in holders with a rectangular brass washer and two M6 screws, for which the appropriate thread is prudently made in special steel inserts.

In the initial position, the holders with electrodes are separated by a spring with suitable dimensions (for example, from an old folding bed). But it is necessary to make sure that the spring does not create a short circuit at the terminals of the secondary winding during the operation of the welding transformer. One of the quite acceptable technical solutions is, in particular, the variant with the use of a separating plastic sleeve fixed at the end of the fixed electrode holder with an M6 screw. The lower end of the spring is electrically isolated from all other parts of the "welder" in any, even the most incredible situations.

It is advisable to connect the welding machine to the mains according to the well-established circuit diagram (see Fig. ) through an automatic 20-ampere switch. The electric meter must also be designed for the same (at least!) current. Well, direct control of the "welder" - using a magnetic starter K1, switched on by a pedal with a button S2 of the "mushroom" type. "The case and the secondary winding of the transformer must be grounded.

It is necessary to turn on and off such a "welder" only with compressed electrodes. Failure to comply with this simple rule threatens to cause intense sparking, which leads to burning of the electrodes with extremely undesirable consequences.

And one more advice verified by practice. Since forced cooling is not provided for either the transformer or the conductors and electrodes, the temperature regime should be constantly monitored during welding. As necessary, take breaks in work, but in no case allow the equipment to overheat.

Author: G.Gavrilov, Gomel, Republic of Belarus

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