Fish oil protects against schizophrenia. Free Technical Library News

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Fish oil protects against schizophrenia

23.08.2015

Researchers at the University of Melbourne, together with colleagues from the Medical University of Vienna, have carried out several clinical experiments with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). They are found in eggs, nuts, linseed oil, chia plants, but they are especially abundant in fish oil. In earlier studies, it was shown that omega-3s suppress inflammation, on the other hand, in patients with schizophrenia, their levels drop sharply.

The new study involved several dozen young people aged 13 to 25 with early symptoms of the disease: for example, some already had auditory hallucinations ("voices in the head"), but they lasted only a few days, others thought that someone or something trying to harm them, but these thoughts have so far managed to be quickly suppressed. Often such symptoms in less than a year turn into full-fledged schizophrenia.

Half of the young people were given fish oil capsules fortified with omega-12 fatty acids for 3 weeks, while the other half received a placebo in which fish oil tasted only. After a course of tablets, the participants in the experiment were observed for about 7 years. The results were as follows: only 10% of those who took fish oil developed schizophrenia, and 40% of those who took placebo.

Several years of observations speak in favor of new data, which means that the psychoprotective effect of fish oil lasts a long time. However, not too many people participated in the experiment, so now the study needs to be repeated with larger statistics.

Omega-3s have a great advantage over conventional antipsychotic drugs in that omega-3s do not have side effects - they do not increase cholesterol, do not become overweight, and do not increase the risk of diabetes. Everyone heard about polyunsaturated fatty acids, for some time they thought that they treated everything in general, but then, as they say, nuances began to appear. For example, their benefits for the heart and blood vessels are still in doubt.

At the same time, there is an opinion that doubts about PUFAs arise due to the fact that purified polyunsaturated fatty acids are used in experiments. Indeed, there is evidence that the benefits of omega-3 will be if they are not consumed in their pure form, but together, and if, moreover, different types of PUFAs in the preparation are in certain ratios, and that it is best to eat fish oil itself or fish. Well, in the described study about schizophrenia, fish oil itself was used.

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The wheel, this is the greatest invention of mankind after the fire, has been waiting for a long time "in the wings". It came into use around 3500 BC. The Bronze Age was in the yard, people learned how to create metal alloys, they knew how to dig channels, built sailing ships, invented complex musical instruments such as the harp, and the wheel was still unknown. David Anthony, an anthropologist at Hartwick College, USA, who has devoted himself to studying the history of the wheel, believes that the reason for this is technical complexity, which was not at all easy to overcome.

In order for the fixed axle structure with rotating wheels to function, the ends of the axle must be carefully machined to reduce friction, so that its surface at the points of contact with the wheel is as smooth as possible, and the cross-sectional shape approximates as closely as possible to a perfect circle. The axle should fit tightly into the wheel hub, but so that the wheel still turns freely. There were also problems with the axle thickness. It increased the friction inside the bushing, and the thin one was fragile and quickly broke. According to Anthony, people of the Bronze Age solved this problem by shortening the axle as much as possible, this increased its strength with a relatively small diameter. Therefore, the world's first carts were very narrow. However, in general, the sensitivity of the "wheel-axle" system did not allow it to be developed gradually, in steps, it was an "all-or-nothing" structure.

Whoever invented the wheel must have had access to broad planks of trees with broad trunks to bend them into rims; he needed tools to cut holes in wheels and machine axles; in addition, he must have had the need to transport heavy loads over the land. “Probably,” says Anthony, “the main obstacle to the invention of the wheel was the insufficient development of carpentry skills. And the first copper chisels and chisels first appeared in the world in the Middle East after 4000 BC.”

The wheel is such a thing that can be invented only once and only in one place, because an invention of this kind, having appeared once, will spread rapidly and will quickly reach all corners of the Earth. Therefore, historians still find it difficult to say exactly where it happened. They call Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq), because the necessary copper tools first appeared there, but the first images of the wheel appeared in Eurasia, in the region of Poland or places close to it. Asko Parpola, a Finnish Indologist at the University of Helsinki, believes for linguistic reasons that the wheel was invented by the Trypillians, a primitive people who lived on the territory of modern Ukraine - the words "wheel" and "cart", according to him, have roots coming from the language of Trypillian culture .

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