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The main light quantities are luminous flux, illumination and luminous intensity.
The objects around us emit radiant energy, which is electromagnetic waves propagating in space. One of the main characteristics of electromagnetic oscillations is the wavelength, which can be from fractions of a millimeter to several hundred and even thousands of meters. The human eye perceives a relatively small range of these waves. Radiation in the wave range, perceived by the human eye in the form of colored spots of light, is called the optical region of the spectrum of electromagnetic oscillations. Radiation with a wavelength outside the optical region of the spectrum of electromagnetic oscillations is not perceived by human vision. Each wavelength corresponds to a certain color, as a result of which, with a change in wavelength, the colors that the human eye perceives also change.
Light flow - this is the radiation power, which is estimated by the light sensation produced by the human eye. The unit of measure for luminous flux F is lumen (lm).
Illumination is the amount of luminous flux per unit surface. The intensity of illumination is judged by the density with which the luminous flux is distributed over the illuminated surface. The unit of illumination is lux (lx).
Illumination E is determined by the ratio of the magnitude of the luminous flux F that fell on the surface to its area S:
E = F/S.
The illumination of the surface will be equal to 1 lux if for every 1 m2 of its area a luminous flux of 1 lm falls, i.e. 1 lux \u1d 1 lm / XNUMX m.
The power of light - a term used to characterize the distribution of the luminous flux of a source, determines the density of the luminous flux in a given direction. Some light sources emit a luminous flux unevenly, that is, with different intensities in different directions.
The unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), which is the main lighting unit, established according to a special standard.
Author: Bannikov E.A.
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