Solar cell designs. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Photovoltaic installations. Solar cell designs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Frame solar modules

There are many options and industrial developments of photocells and methods for their manufacture. Let us briefly describe the design of one of them - a standard monocrystalline silicon solar cell. The general view of the solar cell is shown in Figure 2.1.

The frame solar module is made in the form of a panel enclosed in a frame made of aluminum profile. The panel is a photovoltaic generator consisting of a glass plate, on the back side of which solar cells are placed between two layers of sealing (laminating) film, electrically connected to each other by metal busbars. The bottom layer of the sealing film is protected from external influences by a layer of protective film. A diode block is attached to the inside of the module housing, under the cover of which there are electrical contacts intended for connecting the module.

Fig.2.1. Solar cell design (click to enlarge)

Basic technical requirements

1. The starting material must be chemically highly pure with stable properties.

2. Photocells must be produced in large quantities at minimal cost. It is necessary to ensure general control over the manufacturing process and a high level of accuracy.

3. Solar cells must have a service life of at least 20 years in exposed (often harmful) environments. It should be taken into account that even without the concentration of solar radiation, the operating temperature of the photocell can vary in the range from -30 to +200°C. Electrical contacts must be stable and protected from all types of corrosion. The device must be waterproof.

4. The design must be such that the destruction of one of the elements should not lead to failure of the entire system. For this purpose, parallel and serial connections are used, which, in the event of failure of any elements, should exclude the possibility of failure of other elements.

5. Prefabricated modules must be suitable for transportation even to hard-to-reach and remote areas.

Types of photocells

The most common industrially produced solar cells are flat wafer silicon cells. There are also a variety of alternative types and designs that are being developed to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of energy produced by reducing the overall cost of solar cells. Table 2.1 briefly summarizes the various solar cells.

Table 2.1. Parameters of main materials of solar cells

(click to enlarge)

Notes 1. Under AM 1 irradiation conditions, the optimal band gap is from 1,4 to 1,5 eV. 2. As the temperature increases, the band gap decreases. The table shows data for ambient temperature.

Author: Magomedov A.M.

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