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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Review of extraordinary cooling systems and original computer peripherals. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Computers Close the windows, see through! Despite all the innovations of computer manufacturers, the situation with the cooling of components inside the case remains tense. Even the ubiquitous distribution of the ATX form factor, designed, in particular, to increase the efficiency of air exchange inside the system unit, did not bring the expected results. But can you keep up with the manufacturers of components? One hard drive Seagate Cheetah (10 thousand revolutions per minute) is able to heat the air around it up to 60 degrees Celsius. The processors of three-dimensional accelerators and other devices differ in no less "heating" abilities. It is no coincidence that on the main chip of many modern graphics cards you can find passive cooling elements (radiators). But this does not always save the situation. Exceeding the permissible temperature inside the case is fraught with unstable behavior of the system, "freezes", caused, in particular, by changes in the basic properties of semiconductors, which is very critical for entry-level servers, workstations and graphics stations. Software-based processor temperature monitoring systems are already supported by many modern motherboards at the BIOS level (for example, TOP (Thermal Overheat Protection) technology on MicroStar motherboards). In the cases under consideration, it may be quite justified to use active hardware systems for temperature monitoring and control. Removable hard drive module (mobile rack) SSI Computer Corporation contains an active cooling system and is designed to work with hard drives with Ultra Wide SCSI interface. A microcontroller is integrated on the SI-145 module, which allows you to determine the operating temperature of the hard drive and, if the permissible parameters are exceeded, turn on an additional fan (the SI-146 model already contains two fans). The extended LCD panel displays the power supply voltage supplied to the hard drive, SCSI ID number, device temperature, fan status, current time and total device operation time. The variable area slot fan is a small-diameter two-fan design that mounts over a vacant expansion card slot and allows airflow to be directed in multiple directions. In addition, each of the fans extends from its frame to the desired distance (like the second elbow made of plastic spinning), which allows you to adjust the directional cooling zone. The weak point of this model is the low reliability of the fans themselves, due to their small diameter and, as a result, high rotation speed. The JustCooler family of inexpensive fans is characterized by an almost complete lack of "intelligence". They work in forced mode, despite the heat and cold, and are quite powerful ventilation systems with a rotation speed of just under 3000 rpm. According to manufacturers, the time between failures of some of the considered devices is 20 hours. The latter fully applies to the FC-000 model, which is designed to be installed instead of a cover on the rear panel of the case if there is a free expansion slot. Such fans are recommended for cooling 100D accelerators, which heat up the air around them quite a lot. The 3-volt FC-12 fan rotates at 100 rpm and has a noise level of no more than 2800 dB. The span of its blades is about 26 cm. According to the manufacturer, 12 minutes after the start of using the FC-20, the temperature of the device drops from 100 to 75 degrees. Another fan of the JustCooler series is optimized for cooling hard drives and other "hot" drives. It is installed in a free 3,5-inch bay of the system unit directly under the cooled device. It is noteworthy that the airflow directed by the fan goes towards the front panel of the system unit, contrary to the "vacuum cleaner concept" of the main fan of the system unit, the computer. The air is ejected through the lower part of the casing protruding beyond the line of the front part of the computer case (in the photo the fan unit is shown halfway out of the case, and after installation only its front "visor" is visible). The model of a Taiwanese-made multi-position fan attracted my attention first of all with its original design. The fan is installed inside a movable frame, the angle of which can be changed by 270 degrees only in the horizontal plane, not to mention the possibility of vertical movement. Thus, the user can screw this device to, say, a 3,5-inch bay cage or other accessible place on the system unit and precisely direct the air flow to the desired cooled device. Of course, people who organize additional cooling inside their computers should not forget that every running fan is an extra source of noise, and PCs do not please us with silence anyway. This problem is partly solved by intelligent thermal control systems, which carry out not forced general, but "point" cooling of devices subject to overheating, and only at those times when it is really needed. The TS Thermal@Control hardware kit (based on SSI CS003) is a complete thermal monitoring and control system. Using several sensors, this system allows you to monitor the temperature parameters of a number of user-selectable devices and, if necessary, turn on additional fans. Each of the seven sensor elements is located at the ends of the respective 60 cm cords and is attached to any critical device using heat-conductive adhesive tape (looks like ordinary tape). The system supports up to four fans. The main LCD displays information about the status of fans, temperature readings of sensors, current time; an alarm is also displayed on the screen. Notification can also be made using a sound signal. An error message occurs in cases where the allowed temperature threshold is exceeded (which can be set separately for each device), as well as in cases where the fan speed drops by 50% or it stops altogether. The considered monitoring system allows you to track the change in temperature of devices in the range from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius. The main unit measures 151x101,5x25,4mm and weighs 140g. It consumes standard 5 or 12V voltage. In addition, a wide range of fans with a diameter of 3, 4, 6 and 8 cm can be used in the system. "Kill him, Shilov!" It's pointless to turn a blind eye to the fact that there are a huge number of "virtual extremists" in the world, whom you don't feed with bread - let them shoot. The main thing is to find a way to direct this energy into a constructive peaceful channel, creating comfort for amateur shooters: after all, it is somewhat unnatural to fire a pistol using the keyboard or even the joystick button. In addition, quite peaceful people can be considered the target audience for computer game "weapons" - it is unlikely that there will be a person in the computer environment who at least once in his life did not want to shoot at the monitor. The PcGun shooter kit manufactured by the Taiwanese company A4 Tech includes one pistol (you can always connect a second one), an interface card, several cables and a CD with a set of games and utility programs. The interface card is installed in a free ISA slot and connected to the 26-pin feature connector of a regular video card (both for the local PCI bus and for VESA) using the supplied cable. On the interface board itself there are two RJ-45 "telephone" sockets, to which the cords of one or two guns are connected. The length of the cords is sufficient to fire at the monitor, sitting comfortably on the couch. There are only two buttons on the plastic pistol itself: a functional start button and a trigger, so it makes no sense to try to turn the drum or distort the bolt carrier (this depends on the type of weapon). The first button can be used to navigate through menus and select functions, and can also be used to launch missiles in certain games. The optical principle of operation of the device imposes some limitations: it is not recommended to use the device in strong light, you will also need to remove the screen filter. The concern of the PcGun manufacturers for negligent shooters is really touching: the instruction manual contains an urgent request not to repaint the gun in a different color, so as not to confuse it with the real one (we are talking about an almost weightless orange toy with a cable sticking out of the handle). kHz The device and the included software package support the ability to play online via an IPX connection. Of course, the very first game on CD-ROM offers to fight world terrorism (as you know, this is what weapons are purchased for) as part of an unnamed international organization. Before the game, you will have to go through the procedure for zeroing (calibrating) the pistol. In addition, despite its clearly revolving appearance, it can be used as a machine gun, pump-action shotgun, M-16 assault rifle or bazooka (the option with a Kalashnikov assault rifle is not provided for Russian-speaking users). For normal operation of the game set, you will need a Windows 95 (or DOS 5.0 and higher) Pentium class computer with 16 MB of RAM, 20 MB of free disk space and a CD-ROM drive. Of course, you will also need a sound card, and PcGun supports all varieties of Sound Blaster, Windows Sound System and other standards, including even Turtle Beach Multi Sound. The author did not have sufficient independent experience with this device, so he will refrain from his general assessment. Obviously, any gamepad is not a necessity, and any decisions in its favor depend on the specific preferences of the player. The disadvantage of the considered gaming system is the ability to play only games specially written for it. And despite the fact that an impressive set of such games is included on CD, Duke Newcome can live in peace. XNUMXD scanner The scanner sold under the brand name TS Scanner 3D@E-LUX attracted my attention mainly due to the presence of 3D in its name. It turned out that due to the large depth of field (8 cm), this device is able to scan three-dimensional objects, such as a bouquet of flowers or an apple (as shown in the photo).
The device is connected to the printer port of the computer (it is recommended to select the EPP/SPP/ECP mode setting in the BIOS) and this is its main bottleneck, since the operating speed will be low. On the other hand, this turns out to be an advantage, since an expensive SCSI adapter is not required. The single-pass flatbed scanner in question supports 36-bit internal color (68,7 billion colors) as well as 10-bit (1024 shades of gray). According to the manufacturer, the optical resolution of this model is 600x1200 dpi, and the interpolation software is 9600 dpi. The device allows you to scan images no larger than 216x297 mm (that is, A4 sheets). Among other features of this device, one can note its compactness and, one might say, suspicious lightness. It is well suited for home use, and if you are not embarrassed by the need to turn the scanner upside down, then with it you can even take an amateur digital photo of objects lying on the table, or take a simple picture of yourself (although lying down on the table for this is not at all Necessarily). Built-in speakers Free 3,5- and 5,25-inch bays of computer system units do not give rest to manufacturers of computer peripherals: everyone strives to fill them with something. ComputerPress has already talked about the built-in uninterruptible power supply; graphic equalizers installed in a three-inch compartment have gained some distribution; now there is also a built-in speaker system: a block is installed in the 5,25-inch bay, which includes two external speakers and one (low-frequency) internal one. It turns out a kind of pseudo-Dolby, if not Surround, then Inside (the bass speaker is located inside the computer case). The front panel with speakers can be rotated in the desired direction. It is hardly appropriate to talk about the acoustic merits of this system - it is aimed exclusively at users who are undemanding in terms of sound quality (which is obvious even from the diameter of the speakers). On the other hand, such a system significantly saves space on the desktop and gives the system unit an original look due to the presence of strip LED volume indicators. Author: Vladimir Bogdanov; Publication: cxem.net
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