Joystick with your own hands. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Joystick with your own hands. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Computers

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In this short article, I will try to present the information necessary to understand the principle of operation of a conventional analog joystick connected to a computer game port. A standard game port located on the sound card serves analog signals X1, Y1, X2, Y2 and discrete signals B1, B2, B3, B4. With the help of analog signals, data on the deviation of the joystick handle are transmitted, with the help of discrete signals, data on the pressing of the buttons of the joystick.

Thus, initially the game port was designed to connect two two-button joysticks. But as a rule, one joystick and additional devices are connected.

In this case, the analog axes are distributed as follows:

X1 - moving the handle back and forth (pitch)

Y1 - move the handle left-right (roll)

X2 - pedal movement

Y2 - moving the engine control handle - ORE (traction)

The position of the handle, throttle and pedals is determined using 2-ohm potentiometers: the minimum resistance is the extreme left (upper) position, the maximum is the extreme right (lower) position. In principle, you can use other potentiometers, but then the joystick will have to be accurately calibrated. The buttons are connected to ground. Instead of transmitting data on the position of the throttle, the XXNUMX signal can be used to transmit data on the position of the hut - view switch. This is for analog devices. The so-called digital game devices transmit data on the position of the handle, throttle, pedals, hat and buttons using digital protocols using discrete signals from the game port. The most common game port function extensions and digital interface implementations will be described separately.

Joystick with your own hands. Connector DB15 female, view from the side of the contacts
Contact Signal Contact Signal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 + 5V
B1
X1
GND
GND
Y1
B2
+ 5V 9
10
11
12
13
14
15 + 5V
B3
X2
GND
Y2
B4
+ 5V

To connect gaming devices, use a DB15 type connector - "mother" on the sound card and "male" on the cable going to the gaming devices. Above is its pinout (DB15 female connector, view from the side of the contacts). Since the game port connector is often combined with the MIDI connector, pins 8, 12, and 15 may have a different purpose. Therefore, it is better to take power and ground from 1 and 9 connector pins. Below is a diagram of the simplest analog game device, consisting of a four-button joystick, ORE and pedals. Instead of variable resistors, optocouplers can be used - an LED and a photoresistor. Such a joystick is called an optical joystick and most players prefer optical joysticks.

Joystick with your own hands. Joystick circuit

Author: Vladimir Klimus; Publication: cxem.net

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