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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Call signs of Russian radio stations. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Beginner radio amateur Permits for the operation of amateur radio stations, which are commonly called licenses for short, are issued in Russia by local (regional, regional, republican) radio frequency centers. For this reason, from the very beginning, the system of call signs for radio amateurs was focused on the fact that call signs were formed according to certain rules on the ground - without any interaction with the central office of the Ministry of Communications or with colleagues in other regions of the country. The only exceptions are the so-called special call signs, which are assigned by the Main Radio Frequency Center to amateur radio stations that go on the air in connection with events of an international and all-Russian scale, memorial radio stations, etc. The call sign system of amateur radio stations in our country has changed several times over more than seventy years. The first official callsigns were extremely simple - the serial number of the permit and the combination RA, indicating that the radio station belonged to our country (01RA, 02RA, etc.). The basic principles for the formation of call signs of amateur radio stations that have survived to this day were formed in 1946. They implied the possibility of determining, by the first two letters of the call sign, not only its belonging to the USSR, but also to a specific union republic, and for republics that had regional division, additionally by the number of the call sign and the letter following it - an administrative-territorial entity within this republic. In addition, this system made it possible to additionally determine by the callsign suffix whether a given radio station is an individual (personal) radio station or a radio station for collective use. After the collapse of the USSR, the blocks of call signs allocated for it by the "International Radio Regulations" were redistributed among the countries that emerged as a result of the collapse. Russia got the entire block of callsigns starting with the letter R (RAA-RZZ), as well as part of the block starting with the letter U (UAA-UIZ). The Soviet Union at one time was divided into ten conditional amateur radio regions, designated in call signs by numbers from O to 9. Each region included one or more union republics, and in Russia - one or more regions. Of these amateur radio regions today, seven are clearly preserved in Russia: the first (north-west of the European part of the country), the second (Kaliningrad region), the third (the center of the European part of the country), the fourth (Middle Volga region), the sixth (Northern Caucasus and the Lower Volga region ), ninth (Urals and Western Siberia), zero (Eastern Siberia and the Far East). Two autonomous districts in the zero region contain in the call sign not the number 0, but the number 8, but this is not an amateur radio region in the generally accepted sense of the word (the republics of Central Asia belonged to the eighth region in the USSR). Further in the text, when designating the administrative-territorial formation of our country, which has separate blocks of call signs (region, autonomous region, autonomous district, territory, republic, cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg), for brevity we will use the term "region". Regular call signs of Russian amateur radio stations for individual use (personal) consist of five or six characters. The call sign of an amateur radio station consists of two letters (RA-RZ and UA-UI), a number (corresponding to the amateur radio area in which the radio station is located) and two or three letters of the suffix. The first of the letters of the suffix is not assigned arbitrarily - it corresponds to the "regional" letter in the given radio amateur region (see Table 1).
Thus, by the call sign of an amateur radio station, you can determine its location to within the region: RA3TFF - Nizhny Novgorod region, UA4CX - Saratov region, RX6ASD - Krasnodar region, UA9WA - Bashkiria, etc. As follows from the table. 1, some areas with a significant number of amateur radio stations are allocated not one, but several "regional" letters. From Table. 2, by the name of the region, it is possible to determine the amateur radio region to which it is assigned, and the "regional" letter.
Collective radio stations are assigned only six-character callsigns, and the second letter of the suffix must be W, X, Y or Z. For example, RZ3TXT is a collective radio station in the Nizhny Novgorod region, RK4CWA is a collective radio station in the Saratov region, etc. (e. non-repeating) call sign for each amateur radio station. The above applies to the vast majority of regular call signs of amateur radio stations in Russia. But there are exceptions to these rules, mostly historical ones. They are, in particular, among the five-character callsigns that belong to amateur radio veterans and which have not changed with modifications to the callsign system. For example, in Moscow there are several callsigns from the UA3I series (Tver region). In addition, some blocks of callsigns between Moscow and the Moscow region, as well as St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region are "mixed" to a certain extent. So callsigns from the 3D and 3F series are available both in Moscow and in the Moscow region. There are few such exceptions, but they exist, and this must be remembered when working on the air. Another exception to these rules are the call signs of shortwaves - veterans of the Great Patriotic War. In Russia, these callsigns consist of four characters - the letter U or R, the number of the amateur radio area (1-4, 6, 9, 0), the "regional" letter and one more letter. Similar callsigns of the U5 series have been preserved by Ukrainian shortwaves - veterans of the Great Patriotic War. In addition, nine callsigns with one letter U before the number and with the same suffix MIR (U1MIR - U9MIR), which belong to cosmonauts from their first generation, who joined amateur radio during flights on the Mir orbital complex, have also been preserved. This situation (the use of a single U at the beginning of a call sign) does not strictly comply with the requirements of the "International Radio Regulations", but is tolerated as there are a small number of exceptions that are easily identified on the air. Callsigns with one letter - this time R - are used mainly in special callsigns. But how regular similar callsigns are assigned to amateur radio stations operating from Franz Josef Land (R1FJA - R1FJZ block), from Maly Vysotsky Island (R1MVA - R1MVZ block) and from Antarctica (R1ANA - R1ANZ). These territories have a special status - they count as separate ones for one of the most popular DXCC radio awards, therefore they are given special callsign blocks that make it easy to identify them on the air. Author: B.Stepanov (RU3AX), Moscow
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